论文1：JWST PEARLS对El Gordo星系团及其放大结构的观测
Paper 1: The JWST PEARLS View of the El Gordo Galaxy Cluster and of the Structure It Magnifies
AI总结：
本研究利用JWST PEARLS的8波段NIRCam与HST数据，为El Gordo星系团建立新透镜模型并分析其质量结构及z=4.32放大星系群。
摘要：
大质量星系团El Gordo（z=0.87）在James Webb Space Telescope（JWST）近红外相机（NIRCam）图像上留下了大量引力透镜弧。“Prime Extragalactic Areas for Reionization and Lensing Science”（“PEARLS”）项目获得了8个波段的NIRCam成像。跨越Hubble Space Telescope（HST）和NIRCam滤光片的PSF匹配测光提供了新的测光红移。基于56个图像多重像建立的新的光示踪质量透镜模型识别出两个质量峰，并给出500 kpc范围内约为(7.0 ± 0.30) × 10^14 Msun的质量估计。在140个具有光谱红移的星系团成员中搜寻子结构，证实了两个主要质量成分。包含BCG的东南质量峰比西北质量峰束缚得更紧密。1.7 Mpc内的维里质量为(5.1 ± 0.60) × 10^14 Msun，低于透镜质量。显著的横向速度分量可能意味着维里质量被低估。我们为先前已知的z=4.32星系群贡献了一个新成员。5个可靠群成员的内在（去透镜）位置跨越约60 kpc的物理范围。通过光谱/测光约束选出的另外13个候选体小而暗，平均内在光度比L*暗约2.2等。NIRCam成像显示群成员具有相当宽泛的亮度和形态范围，表明这一星系过密区中的星系种群更加多样。
英文摘要：
The massive galaxy cluster El Gordo (z=0.87) imprints multitudes of gravitationally lensed arcs onto James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) images. Eight bands of NIRCam imaging were obtained in the ``Prime Extragalactic Areas for Reionization and Lensing Science'' (``PEARLS'') program. PSF-matched photometry across Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and NIRCam filters supplies new photometric redshifts. A new light-traces-mass lens model based on 56 image multiplicities identifies the two mass peaks and yields a mass estimate within 500 kpc of ~(7.0 +/- 0.30) x 10^14 Msun. A search for substructure in the 140 cluster members with spectroscopic redshifts confirms the two main mass components. The southeastern mass peak that contains the BCG is more tightly bound than the northwestern one. The virial mass within 1.7 Mpc is (5.1 +/- 0.60) x 10^14 Msun, lower than the lensing mass. A significant transverse velocity component could mean the virial mass is underestimated. We contribute one new member to the previously known z=4.32 galaxy group. Intrinsic (delensed) positions of the five secure group members span a physical extent of ~60 kpc. Thirteen additional candidates selected by spectroscopic/photometric constraints are small and faint with a mean intrinsic luminosity ~2.2 mag fainter than L*. NIRCam imaging admits a fairly wide range of brightnesses and morphologies for the group members, suggesting a more diverse galaxy population in this galaxy overdensity.
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