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arXiv 2303.01548hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qc
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用引力波检验BSM物理

Testing BSM Physics with Gravitational Waves

Francesco Muia, Fernando Quevedo, Andreas Schachner, Gonzalo Villa

AI总结:

本文研究了超出标准模型(BSM)物理对宇宙引力波背景(CGWB)的影响,发现非标准宇宙学历史下的BSM物理会显著改变CGWB谱,从而将CGWB作为检验BSM物理的潜在试验场。

摘要:

宇宙引力波背景(CGWB)是早期宇宙等离子体中由粒子交换产生的不可约引力波背景。标准模型粒子对这种随机背景有贡献,其峰值在 $f\sim 80$ GHz。任何超出标准模型(BSM)的物理都可能改变CGWB谱,使其成为检验BSM物理的潜在试验场。我们考虑了一般BSM场景对CGWB的影响,包括任意数量的隐藏扇区。我们发现CGWB的最大振幅来自再加热后主导能量密度的扇区,并确认了在标准宇宙学历史中标准模型的主导地位。对于非标准宇宙学历史,例如具有刚性状态方程 $ω>1/3$ 的情况(如kination),BSM物理可能主导并大幅改变该谱。我们得出结论:如果在较低频率和振幅处探测到CGWB(与SM相比),这将暗示存在额外的大质量自由度或隐藏扇区。如果测量值较高,则意味着存在一个 $ω>1/3$ 的时期。我们指出,对于早期宇宙存在kination时期的场景,可根据BBN的暗辐射界限排除大部分参数空间。

英文摘要:

The Cosmic Gravitational Wave Background (CGWB) is an irreducible background of gravitational waves generated by particle exchange in the early Universe plasma. Standard Model particles contribute to such a stochastic background with a peak at $f\sim 80$ GHz. Any physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM) may modify the CGWB spectrum, making it a potential testing ground for BSM physics. We consider the impact of general BSM scenarios on the CGWB, including an arbitrary number of hidden sectors. We find that the largest amplitude of the CGWB comes from the sector that dominates the energy density after reheating and confirm the dominance of the SM for standard cosmological histories. For non-standard cosmological histories, such as those with a stiff equation of state $ω>1/3$, like in kination, BSM physics may dominate and modify the spectrum substantially. We conclude that, if the CGWB is detected at lower frequencies and amplitudes compared to that of the SM, it will hint at extra massive degrees of freedom or hidden sectors. If it is instead measured at higher values, it will imply a period with $ω>1/3$. We argue that for scenarios with periods of kination in the early Universe, a significant fraction of the parameter space can be ruled out from dark radiation bounds at BBN.

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