荷兰东印度公司的早期星图
Early Star Charts of the Dutch East India Company
摘要：
随着欧洲海上强国将其势力范围从北大西洋沿海水域扩展到远至东印度群岛的遥远陆地，在南半球获得实用的海上航行手段变得势在必行。荷兰东印度公司及其前身进行的最初几次航行明确旨在编制只有在赤道以南才能看到的星图和星座，作为实用的导航辅助。已知最古老的南方星座星图是由弗雷德里克·德·豪特曼于1603年出版的。然而，争议从一开始就困扰着德·豪特曼的天文学证书，同时代的人将早期的南方星图归功于彼得·德克松·凯泽、德·豪特曼，甚至归功于他们的导师佩特鲁斯·普朗修斯。现有证据的平衡表明，凯泽最初领导的天文观测活动，巧妙地协助德豪特曼。在凯泽英年早逝之后，德·豪特曼在为航海目的汇编天文观测资料方面发挥了主导作用，而普兰修斯很可能领导了12个新的南方星座的描绘，这些星座很快成为航海意识的重要组成部分。
英文摘要：
As the European maritime powers expanded their reach beyond north Atlantic coastal waters to distant lands as far away as the East Indies, access to a practical means of maritime navigation in the southern hemisphere became imperative. The first few voyages undertaken by the Dutch East India Company and its predecessor explicitly aimed at compiling star charts and constellations that were only visible south of the Equator, as practical navigation aids. The oldest known star atlas of southern constellations was published in 1603 by Frederick de Houtman. Controversies have plagued de Houtman's astronomical credentials from their inception, however, with contemporaries variously attributing the early southern star charts to Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser, de Houtman, or even to their tutor Petrus Plancius. The balance of available evidence suggests that Keyser initially led the astronomical observing campaign, ably assisted by de Houtman. Upon Keyser's untimely death, de Houtman embraced a leading role in compiling astronomical observations for maritime navigation purposes, whereas Plancius most probably led the delineation of the 12 new southern constellations that soon became part and parcel of the nautical consciousness.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
