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加权一阶模型计数与有向无环图公理

Weighted First Order Model Counting with Directed Acyclic Graph Axioms

Fondazione Bruno Kessler(布鲁诺·凯斯勒基金会);University of Trento(特伦托大学)

Sagar Malhotra, Luciano Serafini

AI总结:

本文研究带有有向无环图公理的加权一阶模型计数,证明该片段是域可提升的,并提出基于容斥原理的计数方法。

摘要:

统计关系学习(SRL)将一阶逻辑(FOL)与概率论相结合,用于关系数据上的学习与推理。许多SRL模型中的概率推理与学习可归结为加权一阶模型计数(WFOMC)。然而,WFOMC已知是难解的($\mathrm{\\#P_1-}$完全)。因此,允许多项式时间WFOMC的逻辑片段备受关注,此类片段被称为域可提升的。近期一系列工作表明,扩展了计数量词($\mathrm{C^2}$)的两变量FOL片段是域可提升的。然而,现实世界数据的许多性质无法在$\mathrm{C^2}$中建模。事实上,许多普遍存在的现实数据性质在FOL中不可表达。无环性便是这样一种性质,常见于引文网络、家谱数据、时序数据等。本文旨在通过研究有向无环性约束的域可提升性来解决这一问题。我们证明,带有有向无环图(DAG)公理的$\mathrm{C^2}$片段(即语言中一个谓词被公理化以表示DAG)是域可提升的。我们提出了一种基于容斥原理的方法,用于扩展了DAG公理的$\mathrm{C^2}$公式的WFOMC。

英文摘要:

Statistical Relational Learning (SRL) integrates First-Order Logic (FOL) and probability theory for learning and inference over relational data. Probabilistic inference and learning in many SRL models can be reduced to Weighted First Order Model Counting (WFOMC). However, WFOMC is known to be intractable ($\mathrm{\#P_1-}$ complete). Hence, logical fragments that admit polynomial time WFOMC are of significant interest. Such fragments are called domain liftable. Recent line of works have shown the two-variable fragment of FOL, extended with counting quantifiers ($\mathrm{C^2}$) to be domain-liftable. However, many properties of real-world data can not be modelled in $\mathrm{C^2}$. In fact many ubiquitous properties of real-world data are inexressible in FOL. Acyclicity is one such property, found in citation networks, genealogy data, temporal data e.t.c. In this paper we aim to address this problem by investigating the domain liftability of directed acyclicity constraints. We show that the fragment $\mathrm{C^2}$ with a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) axiom, i.e., a predicate in the language is axiomatized to represent a DAG, is domain-liftable. We present a method based on principle of inclusion-exclusion for WFOMC of $\mathrm{C^2}$ formulas extended with DAG axioms.

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