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arXiv 2302.09419cs.AIcs.CLcs.LG
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预训练基础模型综合综述:从BERT到ChatGPT的发展历程

A Comprehensive Survey on Pretrained Foundation Models: A History from BERT to ChatGPT

Michigan State University(密歇根州立大学);Lehigh University(理海大学);Beihang University(北京航空航天大学);Macquarie University(麦考瑞大学);Nanyang Technological University(南洋理工大学);University of California San Diego(加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校);Salesforce AI Research(Salesforce人工智能研究院);Duke University(杜克大学);University of Illinois at Chicago(伊利诺伊大学芝加哥分校)
Ce Zhou, Qian Li, Chen Li, Jun Yu, Yixin Liu, Guangjing Wang, Kai Zhang, Cheng Ji, Qiben Yan, Lifang He, Hao Peng, Jianxin Li, Jia Wu, Ziwei Liu, Pengtao Xie, C… 展开作者

Ce Zhou, Qian Li, Chen Li, Jun Yu, Yixin Liu, Guangjing Wang, Kai Zhang, Cheng Ji, Qiben Yan, Lifang He, Hao Peng, Jianxin Li, Jia Wu, Ziwei Liu, Pengtao Xie, Caiming Xiong, Jian Pei, Philip S. Yu, Lichao Sun

AI总结:

该综述系统梳理了从BERT到ChatGPT的预训练基础模型发展,覆盖多模态相关方法、基础研究方向及未来挑战,为通用人工智能导向的PFM研究提供参考。

摘要:

预训练基础模型(Pretrained Foundation Models, PFMs)被视为支撑不同数据模态下各类下游任务的基础。一款PFM(例如BERT、ChatGPT和GPT-4)基于大规模数据训练,可为广泛的下游应用提供合理的参数初始化。BERT从Transformer中学习双向编码器表征,作为上下文语言模型在大型数据集上完成训练。类似地,生成式预训练Transformer(generative pretrained transformer, GPT)方法采用Transformer作为特征提取器,并在大型数据集上以自回归范式训练。近期,ChatGPT在大语言模型领域展现出可观的成效,它采用带有零样本或少样本提示的自回归语言模型。\nPFM的显著成就为人工智能各领域带来了重大突破。大量研究提出了不同方法,也催生了对最新综述的需求。本研究对文本、图像、图及其他数据模态下PFM的最新研究进展、挑战与机遇进行了全面梳理。综述涵盖了自然语言处理、计算机视觉和图学习领域的基础组件及现有预训练方法。此外,还探讨了面向不同数据模态的先进PFM,以及兼顾数据质量与数量的统一PFM。综述同时讨论了与PFM基础相关的研究,例如模型效率与压缩、安全与隐私。最后,本研究提出了PFM领域的关键启示、未来研究方向、挑战与开放性问题。总体而言,本综述旨在为面向通用人工智能的PFM在可扩展性、安全性、逻辑推理能力、跨域学习能力以及用户友好交互能力方面的研究提供参考。

英文摘要:

Pretrained Foundation Models (PFMs) are regarded as the foundation for various downstream tasks with different data modalities. A PFM (e.g., BERT, ChatGPT, and GPT-4) is trained on large-scale data which provides a reasonable parameter initialization for a wide range of downstream applications. BERT learns bidirectional encoder representations from Transformers, which are trained on large datasets as contextual language models. Similarly, the generative pretrained transformer (GPT) method employs Transformers as the feature extractor and is trained using an autoregressive paradigm on large datasets. Recently, ChatGPT shows promising success on large language models, which applies an autoregressive language model with zero shot or few shot prompting. The remarkable achievements of PFM have brought significant breakthroughs to various fields of AI. Numerous studies have proposed different methods, raising the demand for an updated survey. This study provides a comprehensive review of recent research advancements, challenges, and opportunities for PFMs in text, image, graph, as well as other data modalities. The review covers the basic components and existing pretraining methods used in natural language processing, computer vision, and graph learning. Additionally, it explores advanced PFMs used for different data modalities and unified PFMs that consider data quality and quantity. The review also discusses research related to the fundamentals of PFMs, such as model efficiency and compression, security, and privacy. Finally, the study provides key implications, future research directions, challenges, and open problems in the field of PFMs. Overall, this survey aims to shed light on the research of the PFMs on scalability, security, logical reasoning ability, cross-domain learning ability, and the user-friendly interactive ability for artificial general intelligence.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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