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arXiv 2302.00902cs.LGcs.CLcs.CV
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语言量化的AutoEncoders:面向无监督的文本图像对齐

Language Quantized AutoEncoders: Towards Unsupervised Text-Image Alignment

University of California, Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校)

Hao Liu, Wilson Yan, Pieter Abbeel

摘要:

最近在扩展大语言模型方面取得的进展表明,在广泛的基于文本的任务中执行少样本学习的能力令人印象深刻。然而,一个关键的限制是这些语言模型从根本上缺乏视觉感知-这是扩展这些模型以能够与现实世界交互并解决视觉任务所需的关键属性,例如在视觉问答和机器人技术中。之前的工作主要是通过预训练和/或对策划的图像-文本数据集进行微调来将图像连接到文本,这可能是一个昂贵且昂贵的过程。为了解决这个限制,我们提出了一种简单而有效的方法,称为语言量化自动编码器(LQAE),它是VQ-VAE的修改,通过利用预训练的语言模型(例如,BERT,Roberta).我们的主要思想是通过使用预先训练的语言码本直接量化图像嵌入来将图像编码为文本标记序列。然后,我们应用随机掩蔽,然后是BERT模型,并让解码器从BERT预测的文本标记嵌入中重建原始图像。通过这样做,LQAE学会用相似的文本标记集群来表示相似的图像,从而在不使用对齐的文本图像对的情况下对齐这两种模态。这使得能够利用大语言模型图像分类(例如,GPT-3)以及基于BERT文本特征的图像线性分类。据我们所知,我们的工作是第一个通过利用预训练的语言模型的力量将未对齐的图像用于多模态任务的工作。

英文摘要:

Recent progress in scaling up large language models has shown impressive capabilities in performing few-shot learning across a wide range of text-based tasks. However, a key limitation is that these language models fundamentally lack visual perception - a crucial attribute needed to extend these models to be able to interact with the real world and solve vision tasks, such as in visual-question answering and robotics. Prior works have largely connected image to text through pretraining and/or fine-tuning on curated image-text datasets, which can be a costly and expensive process. In order to resolve this limitation, we propose a simple yet effective approach called Language-Quantized AutoEncoder (LQAE), a modification of VQ-VAE that learns to align text-image data in an unsupervised manner by leveraging pretrained language models (e.g., BERT, RoBERTa). Our main idea is to encode image as sequences of text tokens by directly quantizing image embeddings using a pretrained language codebook. We then apply random masking followed by a BERT model, and have the decoder reconstruct the original image from BERT predicted text token embeddings. By doing so, LQAE learns to represent similar images with similar clusters of text tokens, thereby aligning these two modalities without the use of aligned text-image pairs. This enables few-shot image classification with large language models (e.g., GPT-3) as well as linear classification of images based on BERT text features. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first work that uses unaligned images for multimodal tasks by leveraging the power of pretrained language models.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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