正电子素物理与生物医学应用
Positronium Physics and Biomedical Applications
AI总结：
本文综述正电子素在QED检验、新物理搜寻及生物医学成像中的双重价值，并重点提出利用PET中高达40%的正电子经正电子素湮灭这一事实，将正电子素发展为组织病理与氧化程度的临床生物标志物。
摘要：
正电子素是由一个电子和一个正电子构成的最简单束缚态。对真空中正电子素及其在介质中衰变的研究，分别揭示了量子电动力学（QED）、物质结构以及纳米尺度下生物体的生物过程。光谱测量约束了我们对QED束缚态理论的理解。对稀有衰变的搜寻以及引力对正电子素影响的测量被用于寻找新物理现象。在生物材料中，正电子素衰变对分子间和分子内结构以及从单细胞到人类等生物体的代谢都很敏感。这催生了正电子素医学成像的新思路，其依据是：在正电子发射断层扫描（PET）过程中，多达40%的正电子湮灭是通过在患者体内产生正电子素原子而发生的。新一代高灵敏度、多光子全身PET系统为正电子素作为组织病理学和组织氧化程度生物标志物的临床应用开辟了前景。
英文摘要：
Positronium is the simplest bound state, built of an electron and a positron. Studies of positronium in vacuum and its decays in medium tell us about Quantum Electrodynamics, QED, and about the structure of matter and biological processes of living organisms at the nanoscale, respectively. Spectroscopic measurements constrain our understanding of QED bound state theory. Searches for rare decays and measurements of the effect of gravitation on positronium are used to look for new physics phenomena. In biological materials positronium decays are sensitive to the inter- and intra-molecular structure and to the metabolism of living organisms ranging from single cells to human beings. This leads to new ideas of positronium imaging in medicine using the fact that during positron emission tomography (PET) as much as 40% of positron annihilation occurs through the production of positronium atoms inside the patient's body. A new generation of the high sensitivity and multi-photon total-body PET systems opens perspectives for clinical applications of positronium as a biomarker of tissue pathology and the degree of tissue oxidation.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
