Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have been very successful for synthesizing the images in a given dataset. The artificially generated images by GANs are very realistic. The GANs have shown potential usability in several computer vision applications, including image generation, image-to-image translation, video synthesis, and others. Conventionally, the generator network is the backbone of GANs, which generates the samples and the discriminator network is used to facilitate the training of the generator network. The discriminator network is usually a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Whereas, the generator network is usually either an Up-CNN for image generation or an Encoder-Decoder network for image-to-image translation. The convolution-based networks exploit the local relationship in a layer, which requires the deep networks to extract the abstract features. Hence, CNNs suffer to exploit the global relationship in the feature space. However, recently developed Transformer networks are able to exploit the global relationship at every layer. The Transformer networks have shown tremendous performance improvement for several problems in computer vision. Motivated from the success of Transformer networks and GANs, recent works have tried to exploit the Transformers in GAN framework for the image/video synthesis. This paper presents a comprehensive survey on the developments and advancements in GANs utilizing the Transformer networks for computer vision applications. The performance comparison for several applications on benchmark datasets is also performed and analyzed. The conducted survey will be very useful to deep learning and computer vision community to understand the research trends \& gaps related with Transformer-based GANs and to develop the advanced GAN architectures by exploiting the global and local relationships for different applications.
School of Applied Mathematics, Xiamen University of Technology（厦门理工学院应用数学学院）
Lung image segmentation plays an important role in computer-aid pulmonary diseases diagnosis and treatment. This paper proposed a lung image segmentation method by generative adversarial networks. We employed a variety of generative adversarial networks and use its capability of image translation to perform image segmentation. The generative adversarial networks was employed to translate the original lung image to the segmented image. The generative adversarial networks based segmentation method was test on real lung image data set. Experimental results shows that the proposed method is effect…
Generative Adversarial Networks have been employed successfully to generate high-resolution augmented images of size 1024^2. Although the augmented images generated are unprecedented, the training time of the model is exceptionally high. Conventional GAN requires training of both Discriminator as well as the Generator. In Progressive GAN, which is the current state-of-the-art GAN for image augmentation, instead of training the GAN all at once, a new concept of progressing growing of Discriminator and Generator simultaneously, was proposed. Although the lower stages such as 4x4 and 8x8 train ra…
Aragon Institute on Engineering Research（阿拉贡工程研究所）；University of Zaragoza（萨拉戈萨大学）
The purpose of this work is to contribute to the state of the art of deep-learning methods for diffeomorphic registration. We propose an adversarial learning LDDMM method for pairs of 3D mono-modal images based on Generative Adversarial Networks. The method is inspired by the recent literature for deformable image registration with adversarial learning. We combine the best performing generative, discriminative, and adversarial ingredients from the state of the art within the LDDMM paradigm. We have successfully implemented two models with the stationary and the EPDiff-constrained non-stationar…
Dresden University of Technology（德累斯顿工业大学）；Zhejiang University（浙江大学）；Changzhou Microintelligence Co., Ltd.（常州微智有限公司）
Semantic segmentation profits from deep learning and has shown its possibilities in handling the graphical data from the on-site inspection. As a result, visual damage in the facade images should be detected. Attention mechanism and generative adversarial networks are two of the most popular strategies to improve the quality of semantic segmentation. With specific focuses on these two strategies, this paper adopts U-net, a representative convolutional neural network, as the primary network and presents a comparative study in two steps. First, cell images are utilized to respectively determine …
We give an overview of the different rendering methods and we demonstrate that the use of a Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) for Global Illumination (GI) gives a superior quality rendered image to that of a rasterisations image. We utilise the Pix2Pix architecture and specify the hyper-parameters and methodology used to mimic ray-traced images from a set of input features. We also demonstrate that the GANs quality is comparable to the quality of the ray-traced images, but is able to produce the image, at a fraction of the time.
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)（洛桑联邦理工学院）
Anyone can take a photo, but not everybody has the ability to retouch their pictures and obtain result close to professional. Since it is not possible to ask experts to retouch thousands of pictures, we thought about teaching a piece of software how to reproduce the work of those said experts. This study aims to explore the possibility to use deep learning methods and more specifically, generative adversarial networks (GANs), to mimic artists' retouching and find which one of the studied models provides the best results.
This paper aims to contribute in bench-marking the automatic polyp segmentation problem using generative adversarial networks framework. Perceiving the problem as an image-to-image translation task, conditional generative adversarial networks are utilized to generate masks conditioned by the images as inputs. Both generator and discriminator are convolution neural networks based. The model achieved 0.4382 on Jaccard index and 0.611 as F2 score.
Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht（乌得勒支大学医学中心影像科学研究所）；Imperial College London（帝国理工学院）；Imagen Technologies（Imagen科技公司）
Generative adversarial networks (GANs) and other adversarial methods are based on a game-theoretical perspective on joint optimization of two neural networks as players in a game. Adversarial techniques have been extensively used to synthesize and analyze biomedical images. We provide an introduction to GANs and adversarial methods, with an overview of biomedical image analysis tasks that have benefited from such methods. We conclude with a discussion of strengths and limitations of adversarial methods in biomedical image analysis, and propose potential future research directions.
Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS（弗劳恩霍夫数字医学MEVIS研究所）
Generative networks are fundamentally different in their aim and methods compared to CNNs for classification, segmentation, or object detection. They have initially not been meant to be an image analysis tool, but to produce naturally looking images. The adversarial training paradigm has been proposed to stabilize generative methods, and has proven to be highly successful -- though by no means from the first attempt. This chapter gives a basic introduction into the motivation for Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and traces the path of their success by abstracting the basic task and worki…
National University of Ireland Galway（爱尔兰国立大学戈尔韦分校）
One of the most interesting challenges in Artificial Intelligence is to train conditional generators which are able to provide labeled adversarial samples drawn from a specific distribution. In this work, a new framework is presented to train a deep conditional generator by placing a classifier in parallel with the discriminator and back propagate the classification error through the generator network. The method is versatile and is applicable to any variations of Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) implementation, and also gives superior results compared to similar methods.
Compensating scarce measurements by inferring them from computational models is a way to address ill-posed inverse problems. We tackle Limited Angle Tomography by completing the set of acquisitions using a generative model and prior-knowledge about the scanned object. Using a Generative Adversarial Network as model and Computer-Assisted Design data as shape prior, we demonstrate a quantitative and qualitative advantage of our technique over other state-of-the-art methods. Inferring a substantial number of consecutive missing measurements, we offer an alternative to other image inpainting techn…
We propose the use of unsupervised learning to train projection networks that project onto the latent space of an already trained generator. We apply our method to a trained StyleGAN, and use our projection network to perform image super-resolution and clustering of images into semantically identifiable groups.
Deep learning techniques, especially Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have significantly improved image inpainting and image-to-image translation tasks over the past few years. To the best of our knowledge, the problem of combining the image inpainting task with the multi-modality image-to-image translation remains intact. In this paper, we propose a model to address this problem. The model will be evaluated on combined night-to-day image translation and inpainting, along with promising qualitative and quantitative results.
We propose a novel single face image super-resolution method, which named Face Conditional Generative Adversarial Network(FCGAN), based on boundary equilibrium generative adversarial networks. Without taking any facial prior information, our method can generate a high-resolution face image from a low-resolution one. Compared with existing studies, both our training and testing phases are end-to-end pipeline with little pre/post-processing. To enhance the convergence speed and strengthen feature propagation, skip-layer connection is further employed in the generative and discriminative networks…
Building footprint information is an essential ingredient for 3-D reconstruction of urban models. The automatic generation of building footprints from satellite images presents a considerable challenge due to the complexity of building shapes. In this work, we have proposed improved generative adversarial networks (GANs) for the automatic generation of building footprints from satellite images. We used a conditional GAN with a cost function derived from the Wasserstein distance and added a gradient penalty term. The achieved results indicated that the proposed method can significantly improve …
University of California, Los Angeles（加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校）
Significant progress has been made by the advances in Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) for image generation. However, there lacks enough understanding of how a realistic image is generated by the deep representations of GANs from a random vector. This chapter gives a summary of recent works on interpreting deep generative models. The methods are categorized into the supervised, the unsupervised, and the embedding-guided approaches. We will see how the human-understandable concepts that emerge in the learned representation can be identified and used for interactive image generation and ed…
Generative Adversarial Neural Networks (GANs) are applied to the synthetic generation of prostate lesion MRI images. GANs have been applied to a variety of natural images, is shown show that the same techniques can be used in the medical domain to create realistic looking synthetic lesion images. 16mm x 16mm patches are extracted from 330 MRI scans from the SPIE ProstateX Challenge 2016 and used to train a Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Neural Network (DCGAN) utilizing cutting edge techniques. Synthetic outputs are compared to real images and the implicit latent representations indu…
Jiangnan University（江南大学）；University of Surrey（萨里大学）
The end-to-end image fusion framework has achieved promising performance, with dedicated convolutional networks aggregating the multi-modal local appearance. However, long-range dependencies are directly neglected in existing CNN fusion approaches, impeding balancing the entire image-level perception for complex scenario fusion. In this paper, therefore, we propose an infrared and visible image fusion algorithm based on a lightweight transformer module and adversarial learning. Inspired by the global interaction power, we use the transformer technique to learn the effective global fusion relat…
University of Modena and Reggio Emilia（摩德纳和雷焦艾米利亚大学）
In this paper we propose a deep architecture for detecting people attributes (e.g. gender, race, clothing ...) in surveillance contexts. Our proposal explicitly deal with poor resolution and occlusion issues that often occur in surveillance footages by enhancing the images by means of Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks (DCGAN). Experiments show that by combining both our Generative Reconstruction and Deep Attribute Classification Network we can effectively extract attributes even when resolution is poor and in presence of strong occlusions up to 80\% of the whole person figure.
Sharif University of Technology（谢里夫理工大学）；imec（imec研究所）；Ghent University（根特大学）
We present a novel approach to generating photo-realistic images of a face with accurate lip sync, given an audio input. By using a recurrent neural network, we achieved mouth landmarks based on audio features. We exploited the power of conditional generative adversarial networks to produce highly-realistic face conditioned on a set of landmarks. These two networks together are capable of producing a sequence of natural faces in sync with an input audio track.
Face transfer animates the facial performances of the character in the target video by a source actor. Traditional methods are typically based on face modeling. We propose an end-to-end face transfer method based on Generative Adversarial Network. Specifically, we leverage CycleGAN to generate the face image of the target character with the corresponding head pose and facial expression of the source. In order to improve the quality of generated videos, we adopt PatchGAN and explore the effect of different receptive field sizes on generated images.
Web page saliency prediction is a challenge problem in image transformation and computer vision. In this paper, we propose a new model combined with web page outline information to prediction people's interest region in web page. For each web page image, our model can generate the saliency map which indicates the region of interest for people. A two-stage generative adversarial networks are proposed and image outline information is introduced for better transferring. Experiment results on FIWI dataset show that our model have better performance in terms of saliency prediction.
This is a tutorial and survey paper on Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), adversarial autoencoders, and their variants. We start with explaining adversarial learning and the vanilla GAN. Then, we explain the conditional GAN and DCGAN. The mode collapse problem is introduced and various methods, including minibatch GAN, unrolled GAN, BourGAN, mixture GAN, D2GAN, and Wasserstein GAN, are introduced for resolving this problem. Then, maximum likelihood estimation in GAN are explained along with f-GAN, adversarial variational Bayes, and Bayesian GAN. Then, we cover feature matching in GAN, InfoG…
Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院信息工程研究所）；School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学网络空间安全学院）；Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院自动化研究所）
In this paper, a novel strategy of Secure Steganograpy based on Generative Adversarial Networks is proposed to generate suitable and secure covers for steganography. The proposed architecture has one generative network, and two discriminative networks. The generative network mainly evaluates the visual quality of the generated images for steganography, and the discriminative networks are utilized to assess their suitableness for information hiding. Different from the existing work which adopts Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks, we utilize another form of generative adversarial…
In this paper, we propose Orthogonal Generative Adversarial Networks (O-GANs). We decompose the network of discriminator orthogonally and add an extra loss into the objective of common GANs, which can enforce discriminator become an effective encoder. The same extra loss can be embedded into any kind of GANs and there is almost no increase in computation. Furthermore, we discuss the principle of our method, which is relative to the fully-exploiting of the remaining degrees of freedom of discriminator. As we know, our solution is the simplest approach to train a generative adversarial network w…
Generative Adversarial Networks are proved to be efficient on various kinds of image generation tasks. However, it is still a challenge if we want to generate images precisely. Many researchers focus on how to generate images with one attribute. But image generation under multiple attributes is still a tough work. In this paper, we try to generate a variety of face images under multiple constraints using a pipeline process. The Pip-GAN (Pipeline Generative Adversarial Network) we present employs a pipeline network structure which can generate a complex facial image step by step using a neutral…
Sketches are abstract representations of visual perception and visuospatial construction. In this work, we proposed a new framework, Generative Adversarial Networks with Conditional Neural Movement Primitives (GAN-CNMP), that incorporates a novel adversarial loss on CNMP to increase sketch smoothness and consistency. Through the experiments, we show that our model can be trained with few unlabeled samples, can construct distributions automatically in the latent space, and produces better results than the base model in terms of shape consistency and smoothness.
Recently, some works found an interesting phenomenon that adversarially robust classifiers can generate good images comparable to generative models. We investigate this phenomenon from an energy perspective and provide a novel explanation. We reformulate adversarial example generation, adversarial training, and image generation in terms of an energy function. We find that adversarial training contributes to obtaining an energy function that is flat and has low energy around the real data, which is the key for generative capability. Based on our new understanding, we further propose a better ad…
Image extension models have broad applications in image editing, computational photography and computer graphics. While image inpainting has been extensively studied in the literature, it is challenging to directly apply the state-of-the-art inpainting methods to image extension as they tend to generate blurry or repetitive pixels with inconsistent semantics. We introduce semantic conditioning to the discriminator of a generative adversarial network (GAN), and achieve strong results on image extension with coherent semantics and visually pleasing colors and textures. We also show promising res…
In this paper we introduce a new structure to Generative Adversarial Networks by adding an inverse transformation unit behind the generator. We present two theorems to claim the convergence of the model, and two conjectures to nonideal situations when the transformation is not bijection. A general survey on models with different transformations was done on the MNIST dataset and the Fashion-MNIST dataset, which shows the transformation does not necessarily need to be bijection. Also, with certain transformations that blurs an image, our model successfully learned to sharpen the images and recov…
Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have proven hugely successful in variety of applications of image processing. However, generative adversarial networks for handwriting is relatively rare somehow because of difficulty of handling sequential handwriting data by Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). In this paper, we propose a handwriting generative adversarial network framework (HWGANs) for synthesizing handwritten stroke data. The main features of the new framework include: (i) A discriminator consists of an integrated CNN-Long-Short-Term- Memory (LSTM) based feature extraction with Path Si…
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China（电子科技大学）
We study the problem of multimodal generative modelling of images based on generative adversarial networks (GANs). Despite the success of existing methods, they often ignore the underlying structure of vision data or its multimodal generation characteristics. To address this problem, we introduce the Dirichlet prior for multimodal image generation, which leads to a new Latent Dirichlet Allocation based GAN (LDAGAN). In detail, for the generative process modelling, LDAGAN defines a generative mode for each sample, determining which generative sub-process it belongs to. For the adversarial train…
Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have become predominant in image generation tasks. Their success is attributed to the training regime which employs two models: a generator G and discriminator D that compete in a minimax zero sum game. Nonetheless, GANs are difficult to train due to their sensitivity to hyperparameter and parameter initialisation, which often leads to vanishing gradients, non-convergence, or mode collapse, where the generator is unable to create samples with different variations. In this work, we propose a novel Generative Adversarial Stacked Convolutional Autoencoder(GA…
Wrocław University of Science and Technology（弗罗茨瓦夫科技大学）；Tooploox Ltd.（图普洛克斯有限公司）
In traditional generative modeling, good data representation is very often a base for a good machine learning model. It can be linked to good representations encoding more explanatory factors that are hidden in the original data. With the invention of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), a subclass of generative models that are able to learn representations in an unsupervised and semi-supervised fashion, we are now able to adversarially learn good mappings from a simple prior distribution to a target data distribution. This paper presents an overview of recent developments in GANs with a fo…
Tsinghua University（清华大学）；University of Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹大学）；Canadian Institute for Advanced Research（加拿大高等研究院）
We propose Graphical Generative Adversarial Networks (Graphical-GAN) to model structured data. Graphical-GAN conjoins the power of Bayesian networks on compactly representing the dependency structures among random variables and that of generative adversarial networks on learning expressive dependency functions. We introduce a structured recognition model to infer the posterior distribution of latent variables given observations. We generalize the Expectation Propagation (EP) algorithm to learn the generative model and recognition model jointly. Finally, we present two important instances of Gr…
In this paper, we propose a new continuously learning generative model, called the Lifelong Twin Generative Adversarial Networks (LT-GANs). LT-GANs learns a sequence of tasks from several databases and its architecture consists of three components: two identical generators, namely the Teacher and Assistant, and one Discriminator. In order to allow for the LT-GANs to learn new concepts without forgetting, we introduce a new lifelong training approach, namely Lifelong Adversarial Knowledge Distillation (LAKD), which encourages the Teacher and Assistant to alternately teach each other, while lear…
We propose a framework for generating samples from a probability distribution that differs from the probability distribution of the training set. We use an adversarial process that simultaneously trains three networks, a generator and two discriminators. We refer to this new model as regularized generative adversarial network (RegGAN). We evaluate RegGAN on a synthetic dataset composed of gray scale images and we further show that it can be used to learn some pre-specified notions in topology (basic topology properties). The work is motivated by practical problems encountered while using gener…
We present a generative adversarial learning approach to synthesize gaze behavior of a given personality. We train the model using an existing data set that comprises eye-tracking data and personality traits of 42 participants performing an everyday task. Given the values of Big-Five personality traits (openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism), our model generates time series data consisting of gaze target, blinking times, and pupil dimensions. We use the generated data to synthesize the gaze motion of virtual agents on a game engine.
Image generation remains a fundamental problem in artificial intelligence in general and deep learning in specific. The generative adversarial network (GAN) was successful in generating high quality samples of natural images. We propose a model called composite generative adversarial network, that reveals the complex structure of images with multiple generators in which each generator generates some part of the image. Those parts are combined by alpha blending process to create a new single image. It can generate, for example, background and face sequentially with two generators, after trainin…
We propose a training and evaluation approach for autoencoder Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), specifically the Boundary Equilibrium Generative Adversarial Network (BEGAN), based on methods from the image quality assessment literature. Our approach explores a multidimensional evaluation criterion that utilizes three distance functions: an $l_1$ score, the Gradient Magnitude Similarity Mean (GMSM) score, and a chrominance score. We show that each of the different distance functions captures a slightly different set of properties in image space and, consequently, requires its own evaluati…
Adversarial examples are typically constructed by perturbing an existing data point within a small matrix norm, and current defense methods are focused on guarding against this type of attack. In this paper, we propose unrestricted adversarial examples, a new threat model where the attackers are not restricted to small norm-bounded perturbations. Different from perturbation-based attacks, we propose to synthesize unrestricted adversarial examples entirely from scratch using conditional generative models. Specifically, we first train an Auxiliary Classifier Generative Adversarial Network (AC-GA…
School of Mathematics（数学学院）；Sun Yat-sen University（中山大学）
In this article, we introduce a new mode for training Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). Rather than minimizing the distance of evidence distribution $\tilde{p}(x)$ and the generative distribution $q(x)$, we minimize the distance of $\tilde{p}(x_r)q(x_f)$ and $\tilde{p}(x_f)q(x_r)$. This adversarial pattern can be interpreted as a Turing test in GANs. It allows us to use information of real samples during training generator and accelerates the whole training procedure. We even find that just proportionally increasing the size of discriminator and generator, it succeeds on 256x256 resoluti…
Since its appearance, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have received a lot of interest in the AI community. In image generation several projects showed how GANs are able to generate photorealistic images but the results so far did not look adequate for the quality standard of visual media production industry. We present an optimized image generation process based on a Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks (DCGANs), in order to create photorealistic high-resolution images (up to 1024x1024 pixels). Furthermore, the system was fed with a limited dataset of images, less than two…
Rutgers University（罗格斯大学）；Lehigh University（理海大学）；The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）；University of North Carolina at Charlotte（北卡罗来纳大学夏洛特分校）
Although Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have shown remarkable success in various tasks, they still face challenges in generating high quality images. In this paper, we propose Stacked Generative Adversarial Networks (StackGAN) aiming at generating high-resolution photo-realistic images. First, we propose a two-stage generative adversarial network architecture, StackGAN-v1, for text-to-image synthesis. The Stage-I GAN sketches the primitive shape and colors of the object based on given text description, yielding low-resolution images. The Stage-II GAN takes Stage-I results and text desc…
Adversarial examples are data points misclassified by neural networks. Originally, adversarial examples were limited to adding small perturbations to a given image. Recent work introduced the generalized concept of unrestricted adversarial examples, without limits on the added perturbations. In this paper, we introduce a new category of attacks that create unrestricted adversarial examples for object detection. Our key idea is to generate adversarial objects that are unrelated to the classes identified by the target object detector. Different from previous attacks, we use off-the-shelf Generat…
University of Oulu（奥卢大学）；Tampere University（坦佩雷大学）
The problem of predicting a novel view of the scene using an arbitrary number of observations is a challenging problem for computers as well as for humans. This paper introduces the Generative Adversarial Query Network (GAQN), a general learning framework for novel view synthesis that combines Generative Query Network (GQN) and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). The conventional GQN encodes input views into a latent representation that is used to generate a new view through a recurrent variational decoder. The proposed GAQN builds on this work by adding two novel aspects: First, we extend…
CitAI Research Center（CitAI研究中心）；University of London（伦敦大学）
In this paper we introduce Local Logo Generative Adversarial Network (LL-GAN) that uses regional features extracted from Faster R-CNN for logo generation. We demonstrate the strength of this approach by training the framework on a small style-rich dataset of real heavy metal logos to generate new ones. LL-GAN achieves Inception Score of 5.29 and Frechet Inception Distance of 223.94, improving on state-of-the-art models StyleGAN2 and Self-Attention GAN.
Huawei Technologies Noah’s Ark Lab（华为技术诺亚方舟实验室）；National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学）
Generative adversarial models are powerful tools to model structure in complex distributions for a variety of tasks. Current techniques for learning generative models require an access to samples which have high quality, and advanced generative models are applied to generate samples from noisy training data through ambient modules. However, the modules are only practical for the output space of the generator, and their application in the hidden space is not well studied. In this paper, we extend the ambient module to the hidden space of the generator, and provide the uniqueness condition and t…
Illinois Institute of Technology（伊利诺伊理工学院）；Washington University in St. Louis（圣路易斯华盛顿大学）
We introduce a generative adversarial network (GAN) model to simulate the 3-dimensional Lagrangian motion of particles trapped in the recirculation zone of a buoyancy-opposed flame. The GAN model comprises a stochastic recurrent neural network, serving as a generator, and a convoluted neural network, serving as a discriminator. Adversarial training was performed to the point where the best-trained discriminator failed to distinguish the ground truth from the trajectory produced by the best-trained generator. The model performance was then benchmarked against a statistical analysis performed on…
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University（香港理工大学）；Nanjing University of Science and Technology（南京理工大学）
We propose an effective Structural Prior guided Generative Adversarial Transformer (SPGAT) to solve low-light image enhancement. Our SPGAT mainly contains a generator with two discriminators and a structural prior estimator (SPE). The generator is based on a U-shaped Transformer which is used to explore non-local information for better clear image restoration. The SPE is used to explore useful structures from images to guide the generator for better structural detail estimation. To generate more realistic images, we develop a new structural prior guided adversarial learning method by building …
Zhejiang University（浙江大学）；University of Munich（慕尼黑大学）；Tencent（腾讯）
Vision Transformer (ViT), as a powerful alternative to Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), has received much attention. Recent work showed that ViTs are also vulnerable to adversarial examples like CNNs. To build robust ViTs, an intuitive way is to apply adversarial training since it has been shown as one of the most effective ways to accomplish robust CNNs. However, one major limitation of adversarial training is its heavy computational cost. The self-attention mechanism adopted by ViTs is a computationally intense operation whose expense increases quadratically with the number of input patch…
Robotics at Google（谷歌机器人部门）；Stony Brook University（石溪大学）
In this paper we propose an adversarial generative grammar model for future prediction. The objective is to learn a model that explicitly captures temporal dependencies, providing a capability to forecast multiple, distinct future activities. Our adversarial grammar is designed so that it can learn stochastic production rules from the data distribution, jointly with its latent non-terminal representations. Being able to select multiple production rules during inference leads to different predicted outcomes, thus efficiently modeling many plausible futures. The adversarial generative grammar is…
Vision transformers rely on a patch token based self attention mechanism, in contrast to convolutional networks. We investigate fundamental differences between these two families of models, by designing a block sparsity based adversarial token attack. We probe and analyze transformer as well as convolutional models with token attacks of varying patch sizes. We infer that transformer models are more sensitive to token attacks than convolutional models, with ResNets outperforming Transformer models by up to $\sim30\%$ in robust accuracy for single token attacks.
