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arXiv 2302.08412cond-mat.mtrl-sci
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铅卤钙钛矿中点缺陷的空间位阻工程

Steric engineering of point defects in lead halide perovskites

Lucy D. Whalley

AI总结:

本研究通过第一性原理模拟分析混合A位阳离子钙钛矿MA$_{1-x}$Cs$_x$PbI$_3$,发现阳离子混合使碘间隙空穴捕获速率提升八个数量级,并提出利用空间位阻效应控制载流子捕获速率的新机制,为开发具有目标缺陷性能的晶体材料提供通用方法。

摘要:

由于其高光伏效率和低成本合成,铅卤钙钛矿在新型太阳能电池技术中的应用引起了广泛关注。最稳定和高效的ABX$_3$钙钛矿太阳能电池采用混合A位阳离子,然而阳离子混合对载流子捕获和复合——限制光伏性能的关键过程——的影响尚未被完全理解。在此,我们分析了混合A位阳离子杂化卤化物钙钛矿MA$_{1-x}$Cs$_x$PbI$_3$中的非辐射载流子捕获。通过使用严格的第一性原理模拟,我们表明阳离子混合导致碘间隙处的空穴捕获速率比单一阳离子系统高八个数量级。我们证明,同种材料中的相同缺陷可以表现出多种缺陷活性——从电学惰性到复合中心——并由此解决了文献中相互矛盾的报道。最后,我们提出了一种新机制,其中空间位阻效应可用于决定载流子捕获速率;这是通过A位组成来控制晶格的相和动力学响应来实现的。我们的发现阐明了化学组成、缺陷活性和光电性能之间的关键联系,并提出了一种通用方法,有助于合理开发具有目标缺陷性能的新型晶体材料。

英文摘要:

Due to their high photovoltaic efficiency and low-cost synthesis, lead halide perovskites have attracted wide interest for application in new solar cell technologies. The most stable and efficient ABX$_3$ perovskite solar cells employ mixed A-site cations, however the impact of cation mixing on carrier trapping and recombination -- key processes that limit photovoltaic performance -- is not fully understood. Here we analyse non-radiative carrier trapping in the mixed A-cation hybrid halide perovskite MA$_{1-x}$Cs$_x$PbI$_3$. By using rigorous first-principles simulations we show that cation mixing leads to a hole trapping rate at the iodine interstitial that is eight orders of magnitude greater than in the single cation system. We demonstrate that the same defect in the same material can display a wide variety of defect activity -- from electrically inactive to recombination centre -- and, in doing so, resolve conflicting reports in the literature. Finally, we propose a new mechanism in which steric effects can be used to determine the rate of carrier trapping; this is achieved by controlling the phase and dynamical response of the lattice through the A-site composition. Our findings elucidate crucial links between chemical composition, defect activity and optoelectronic performance, and suggest a general approach that can help to rationalise the development of new crystalline materials with target defect properties.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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