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arXiv 2302.07933cs.RO
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RADIUS:风险感知、实时、基于可达性的运动规划

RADIUS: Risk-Aware, Real-Time, Reachability-Based Motion Planning

University of Michigan(密歇根大学)

Jinsun Liu, Challen Enninful Adu, Lucas Lymburner, Vishrut Kaushik, Lena Trang, Ram Vasudevan

AI总结:

针对运动规划中不确定性导致的保守性问题,提出实时风险感知的基于可达性的规划框架RADIUS,通过闭式风险过近似与实时优化,在无需限制概率分布下保证碰撞风险低于阈值,仿真与硬件验证均优于现有方法。

摘要:

确定性运动规划方法通过限制机器人在障碍物可能占据的任何位置运行,来保证在障碍物位置不确定情况下的安全性。不幸的是,这可能导致过于保守的行为。机会约束优化可以通过允许用户指定数量的有界约束违反来提高运动规划算法的性能。然而,最先进的方法要么依赖于矩不等式,这可能过于保守,要么难以满足用于建模不确定性的概率分布类别的假设。为了解决这些挑战,本工作提出了一种名为RADIUS的实时、风险感知、基于可达性的运动规划框架。该方法首先离线为机器人生成参数化轨迹的可达集。在运行时,RADIUS计算与障碍物碰撞风险的闭式过近似。这在不将用于建模不确定性的概率分布限制为简单类别(例如高斯分布)的情况下完成。然后,RADIUS执行实时优化以构建一条机器人可以遵循的轨迹,该轨迹被认证为碰撞风险小于或等于用户指定的阈值。所提出的算法在仿真中与几种最先进的机会约束和确定性方法进行了比较,并显示在各种驾驶场景中持续优于它们。还提供了所提出框架在硬件上的演示。

英文摘要:

Deterministic methods for motion planning guarantee safety amidst uncertainty in obstacle locations by trying to restrict the robot from operating in any possible location that an obstacle could be in. Unfortunately, this can result in overly conservative behavior. Chance-constrained optimization can be applied to improve the performance of motion planning algorithms by allowing for a user-specified amount of bounded constraint violation. However, state-of-the-art methods rely either on moment-based inequalities, which can be overly conservative, or make it difficult to satisfy assumptions about the class of probability distributions used to model uncertainty. To address these challenges, this work proposes a real-time, risk-aware reachability-based motion planning framework called RADIUS. The method first generates a reachable set of parameterized trajectories for the robot offline. At run time, RADIUS computes a closed-form over-approximation of the risk of a collision with an obstacle. This is done without restricting the probability distribution used to model uncertainty to a simple class (e.g., Gaussian). Then, RADIUS performs real-time optimization to construct a trajectory that can be followed by the robot in a manner that is certified to have a risk of collision that is less than or equal to a user-specified threshold. The proposed algorithm is compared to several state-of-the-art chance-constrained and deterministic methods in simulation, and is shown to consistently outperform them in a variety of driving scenarios. A demonstration of the proposed framework on hardware is also provided.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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