超导狄拉克半金属中晶体对称性保护的无能隙涡旋线相
Crystal-symmetry-protected gapless vortex-line phases in superconducting Dirac semimetals
AI总结:
本文提出分类超导狄拉克半金属中旋转/螺旋对称性保护的无能隙涡旋线相的一般方案,通过紧束缚模型验证其中一类相,并指出Nb$_3$Pt为潜在候选材料。
摘要:
在超导狄拉克半金属中,涡旋线在适当的晶体对称性、自旋轨道耦合和多带结构存在下,能够实现晶体对称性保护的无能隙涡旋线相,其中无能隙激发沿涡旋线内部传播。本文提出了一个一般性方案,用于分类具有旋转(或螺旋)对称性和反演对称性的超导狄拉克半金属中可能的无能隙涡旋线相,并假设旋转(螺旋)轴平行于涡旋线。只要旋转(螺旋)本征值不同,旋转(螺旋)对称性保护的无能隙模式就是稳定的。无能隙涡旋束缚态形成的底层机制取决于在涡旋场作用下旋转(螺旋)对称性的不可约表示,并分为三种类型:(i)旋转对称性下两个涡旋束缚态模式的偶然能带交叉;(ii)螺旋对称性下四个涡旋束缚态模式的偶然能带交叉;(iii)螺旋对称性下四个涡旋束缚态模式的强制能带交叉。我们提出了一个具有螺旋对称性保护的狄拉克半金属的紧束缚模型,并引入s波配对势,展示了类型(ii)的无能隙涡旋线相。我们得到了四个涡旋束缚态的无能隙模式,当费米能量接近狄拉克点时,其无能隙点(马约拉纳零能模)被钉扎在时间反演不变动量(TRIM)处。随着费米能量远离狄拉克点,这四个无能隙模式分裂为两对无能隙模式,其激发能量在非TRIM处消失。最后,我们讨论了Nb$_3$Pt作为一种候选材料,它具有四重螺旋对称性保护的狄拉克锥,可以承载无能隙涡旋线相。
英文摘要:
Vortex lines in superconducting Dirac semimetals realize crystal-symmetry-protected gapless vortex-line phases in which gapless excitations propagate inside a vortex line, in the presence of appropriate crystal symmetry, spin-orbit coupling, and multi-band structures. Here we present a general scheme to classify possible gapless vortex-line phases in superconducting Dirac semimetals with rotation (or screw) symmetry and inversion symmetry, assuming that the rotation (screw) axis is parallel to the vortex line. The rotation (screw)-symmetry-protected gapless modes are stable as long as they have different rotation (screw) eigenvalues. The underlying mechanism for the formation of gapless vortex bound states depends on irreducible representations of rotation (screw) symmetry subject to a vortex field and is classified into three types: (i) accidental band crossing of two vortex bound-state modes under rotation symmetry; (ii) accidental and (iii) enforced band crossing of four vortex bound-state modes under screw symmetry. We present a tight-binding model of screw-symmetry-protected Dirac semimetal with an $s$-wave pair potential, demonstrating a gapless vortex-line phase of type (ii). We obtain four gapless modes of vortex bound states whose gapless points (Majorana zero modes) pinned at a time-reversal invariant momentum (TRIM) when the Fermi energy is close to the Dirac points. As the Fermi energy is moved away from the Dirac points, the four gapless modes are split into a pair of two gapless modes with vanishing excitation energy at non-TRIMs. In closing, we discuss Nb$_3$Pt as a candidate material with the four-fold screw-symmetry-protected Dirac cones that can host a gapless vortex-line phase.
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