水凝胶在水中产生负压以实现高效的热利用与传递
Hydrogels enable negative pressure in water for efficient heat utilization and transfer
AI总结：
本文提出利用水凝胶蒸发产生-1.61 MPa高负压，并基于此实现输出电压1.06 V的流动势发电机和传热密度达11.2 kW cm⁻²的负压热管，展示了负压驱动流动在高效能量转换与热传递中的应用潜力。
摘要：
处于负压状态的亚稳态水能够提供高达数兆帕的巨大被动驱动压力，用于高效的蒸发驱动流动；然而，由于产生和维持大负压存在挑战，负压的实际应用仍然很少。本工作报道了一种新型结构：以薄水凝胶膜作为蒸发表面，以坚固多孔基底作为支撑，通过水蒸发获得了-1.61 MPa的高负压。分子动力学模拟阐明了水分子与聚合物链之间的强相互作用在产生负压中的关键作用。利用如此大的负压，我们展示了一种流动势发电机，它能够自发地将环境能量转化为电能，并输出1.06 V的电压。此外，我们首次提出了一种“负压热管”，在1 m流动长度下实现了11.2 kW cm⁻²的高传热密度，展示了负压在高效热利用与传递方面的潜力。
英文摘要：
Metastable water in negative pressure can provide giant passive driving pressure up to several megapascals for efficient evaporation-driven flow, however, the practical applications with negative pressure are rare due to the challenges of generating and maintaining large negative pressure. In this work, we report a novel structure with thin hydrogel films as evaporation surfaces and robust porous substrates as the supports, and obtain a high negative pressure of -1.61 MPa through water evaporation. Molecular dynamics simulations elucidate the essential role of strong interaction between water molecules and polymer chains in generating the negative pressure. With such a large negative pressure, we demonstrate a streaming potential generator that spontaneously converts environmental energy into electricity and outputs a voltage of 1.06 V. Moreover, we propose a "negative pressure heat pipe" for the first time, which achieves a high heat transfer density of 11.2 kW cm-2 with a flow length of 1 m, showing the potential of negative pressure in efficient heat utilization and transfer.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
