光分子效应导致水蒸发超过热极限
Photomolecular Effect Leading to Water Evaporation Exceeding Thermal Limit
摘要：
我们报道了光分子效应的发现：光子使水分子团簇从表面分裂。这种效果通过部分润湿的水凝胶在可见光谱中的令人惊讶的吸收来证明，其中水和水凝胶材料的吸收都是可忽略的。在太阳光或可见光谱发光二极管下照射水凝胶导致蒸发速率超过热蒸发极限，即使在没有额外吸收剂的水凝胶中也是如此。对蒸发表面上方水汽的温度和透射光谱的测量显示出明显的水团簇特征。由于分子团簇上的大电场梯度和四极力，气液界面上发生了光分子效应。这种光分子蒸发过程可能在自然界中广泛发生，可能会影响气候和植物生长，并可用于清洁水和干燥技术。
英文摘要：
We report the discovery of photomolecular effect: cleavage of water clusters off surfaces by photons. This effect is demonstrated through surprising absorption of partially wetted hydrogel in the visible spectrum where both water and hydrogel materials' absorption are negligible. Illumination of hydrogel under solar or visible-spectrum light-emitting-diode leads to evaporation rates exceeding the thermal evaporation limit, even in hydrogels without additional absorbers. Measurements of temperature and transmission spectrum of vapor above evaporating surfaces show clear signatures of water clusters. The photomolecular effect happens at liquid-vapor interface due to large electrical field gradients and quadrupole force on molecular clusters. This photomolecular evaporation process might be happening widely in nature, potentially impacting climate and plants growth, and can be exploited for clean water and drying technologies.
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