作为不良社会行为者的计算机：具有社会行为界面中的暗模式与反模式
Computers as Bad Social Actors: Dark Patterns and Anti-Patterns in Interfaces that Act Socially
AI总结：
本研究通过调查和访谈揭示了自动化系统在模仿社交行为时存在操纵和语用不当等问题，将其归纳为新兴的“社交”暗模式与反模式，并提出了改善界面交互的规范建议。
摘要：
技术日益模仿类人的社会行为。除了聊天机器人等典型的对话代理，这也适用于基本的自动化系统，如应用程序通知或自助结账机，它们在日常情境中与用户对话或“交谈”。尽管早期证据表明社交线索可能提升用户体验，但我们对其何时以及为何使用不当仍缺乏充分理解。基于对英语智能手机用户（n=80）的调查，我们进行了经验采样、访谈和研讨会研究（n=11），以了解人们对自动化系统如何与其交谈的态度和偏好。我们主题分析了参与者不喜欢的措辞/行为示例、给出的原因以及他们更倾向的替代方式。我们识别出的一类不当行为涉及将社交线索作为操纵工具。我们描述了界面使用的四种不受欢迎策略：代理利用用户情感（如引发内疚或哄骗）、强行推销、“像母亲般管束”用户或表现出隐性攻击。另一类涉及语用学：使看似友好或有益的话语显得粗鲁、不得体或具有侵入性的个人或情境因素。这些包括未能考虑相关情境细节（如在公共场合让用户尴尬）；表达明显虚假的个性化关怀；或以用户认为不适合系统角色或关系性质的方式对待用户。我们将这些行为作为新兴的“社交”类暗模式和反模式进行讨论。基于参与者建议，我们提出了改善界面在交互中对待用户的建议，包括关于尊重对待用户的更广泛规范反思。
英文摘要：
Technologies increasingly mimic human-like social behaviours. Beyond prototypical conversational agents like chatbots, this also applies to basic automated systems like app notifications or self-checkout machines that address or 'talk to' users in everyday situations. Whilst early evidence suggests social cues may enhance user experience, we lack a good understanding of when, and why, their use may be inappropriate. Building on a survey of English-speaking smartphone users (n=80), we conducted experience sampling, interview, and workshop studies (n=11) to elicit people's attitudes and preferences regarding how automated systems talk to them. We thematically analysed examples of phrasings/conduct participants disliked, the reasons they gave, and what they would prefer instead. One category of inappropriate behaviour we identified regards the use of social cues as tools for manipulation. We describe four unwanted tactics interfaces use: agents playing on users' emotions (e.g., guilt-tripping or coaxing them), being pushy, `mothering' users, or being passive-aggressive. Another category regards pragmatics: personal or situational factors that can make a seemingly friendly or helpful utterance come across as rude, tactless, or invasive. These include failing to account for relevant contextual particulars (e.g., embarrassing users in public); expressing obviously false personalised care; or treating a user in ways that they find inappropriate for the system's role or the nature of their relationship. We discuss these behaviours in terms of an emerging 'social' class of dark and anti-patterns. Drawing from participant recommendations, we offer suggestions for improving how interfaces treat people in interactions, including broader normative reflections on treating users respectfully.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
