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arXiv 2302.03558stat.MEmath.STstat.TH
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有限总体抽样患病率估计中考虑误分类误差的增强推断

Enhanced Inference for Finite Population Sampling-Based Prevalence Estimation with Misclassification Errors

Lin Ge, Yuzi Zhang, Lance A. Waller, Robert H. Lyles

AI总结:

针对有限总体中带误分类的患病率估计,提出利用有限总体校正间接推导额外方差分量,并构建贝叶斯可信区间以改善覆盖率和宽度。

摘要:

流行病学筛查项目常使用具有较小但非零误诊概率的检测方法。本文假设目标总体是有限的,且真实病例数固定,并对来自总体的个体样本应用已知灵敏度和特异度的非完美检测。在此设定下,我们提出一种增强的推断方法,与基于抽样的偏差校正患病率估计结合使用。忽略总体的有限性可能导致明显保守的估计,而直接应用标准有限总体校正(FPC)则会导致方差低估。我们发现了一种间接利用典型FPC进行有效统计推断的方法。具体而言,我们推导出在此特定但常见的诊断检测场景中由误分类引起的额外方差分量,该分量易于估计。我们的方法产生的标准误估计能恰当捕捉通常的偏差校正最大似然患病率估计量的抽样变异性。最后,我们开发了一种针对真实患病率的适应性贝叶斯可信区间,相较于Wald型置信区间,该区间具有更优的频率论性质(即覆盖率和宽度)。我们报告模拟结果以展示所提出推断方法的增强性能。

英文摘要:

Epidemiologic screening programs often make use of tests with small, but non-zero probabilities of misdiagnosis. In this article, we assume the target population is finite with a fixed number of true cases, and that we apply an imperfect test with known sensitivity and specificity to a sample of individuals from the population. In this setting, we propose an enhanced inferential approach for use in conjunction with sampling-based bias-corrected prevalence estimation. While ignoring the finite nature of the population can yield markedly conservative estimates, direct application of a standard finite population correction (FPC) conversely leads to underestimation of variance. We uncover a way to leverage the typical FPC indirectly toward valid statistical inference. In particular, we derive a readily estimable extra variance component induced by misclassification in this specific but arguably common diagnostic testing scenario. Our approach yields a standard error estimate that properly captures the sampling variability of the usual bias-corrected maximum likelihood estimator of disease prevalence. Finally, we develop an adapted Bayesian credible interval for the true prevalence that offers improved frequentist properties (i.e., coverage and width) relative to a Wald-type confidence interval. We report the simulation results to demonstrate the enhanced performance of the proposed inferential methods.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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