利用 Facebook 数据理解飓风造成的社区韧性损失
Understanding the Loss in Community Resilience due to Hurricanes using Facebook Data
AI总结：
本文基于 Facebook 聚合位置数据，将飓风 Ida 期间用户数量变化转化为社区韧性函数，量化路易斯安那州受影响社区的瞬时韧性损失，并揭示基础设施、灾害状况和社会经济因素的影响。
摘要：
极端事件导致人类活动减少，从而对生产力、经济和社会福祉产生显著负面影响。社区韧性是理解极端事件对人口活动影响的一个重要且被广泛使用的概念。韧性通常被定义为系统在应对极端事件时管理冲击并恢复到稳定状态的能力。本研究分析了 Facebook 针对飓风 Ida 提供的聚合位置数据。通过利用灾前、灾中和灾后 Facebook 用户数量的变化，社区韧性被量化为影响程度以及从极端状况中恢复所需时间的函数。基于该韧性函数，研究测度了路易斯安那州受影响社区在人口活动方面的瞬时韧性损失。受影响社区的韧性损失由三类因素解释，包括实体基础设施中断、飓风造成的灾害状况以及社会经济特征。更大的社区韧性损失与电力和交通服务中断以及灾害状况等因素相关。研究还发现，韧性损失在社区收入中位数方面存在社会经济差异。利用灾害导致的人口活动水平下降以及与韧性损失相关的因素来理解社区韧性，将使我们能够改进灾害准备、增强灾害管理实践，并制定更好的恢复政策，以强化基础设施和社区韧性。
英文摘要：
Significant negative impacts are observed in productivity, economy, and social wellbeing because of the reduced human activity due to extreme events. Community resilience is an important and widely used concept to understand the impacts of an extreme event to population activity. Resilience is generally defined as the ability of a system to manage shocks and return to a steady state in response to an extreme event. In this study, aggregate location data from Facebook in response to Hurricane Ida are analyzed. Using changes in the number of Facebook users before, during, and after the disaster, community resilience is quantified as a function of the magnitude of impact and the time to recover from the extreme situation. Based on the resilience function, the transient loss of resilience in population activity is measured for the affected communities in Louisiana. The loss in resilience of the affected communities are explained by three types of factors, including disruption in physical infrastructures, disaster conditions due to hurricanes, and socio-economic characteristics. A greater loss in community resilience is associated with factors such as disruptions in power and transportation services and disaster conditions. Socioeconomic disparities in loss of resilience are found with respect to median income of a community. Understanding community resilience using decreased population activity levels due to a disaster and the factors associated with losses in resilience will enable us improve hazard preparedness, enhance disaster management practices, and create better recovery policies towards strengthening infrastructure and community resilience.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
