康普顿旋光法
Compton Polarimetry
摘要：
光子优先康普顿散射垂直于偏振平面。该性质可用于设计测量硬X射线（$\sim$ 10 - 100 keV）的线性偏振的仪器。光子在仪器的敏感体积中可能经历两种相互作用，即散射和吸收。根据用于检测这两种相互作用的材料，康普顿偏振计可以分为单相（散射和吸收检测器的材料相同）或双相（不同材料）。已经研究并采用了不同的设计，目前的仪器主要是基于闪烁或固态探测器的传感器。X射线偏振测量比光谱测量或计时需要更高的统计数据，因此必须准确测量和解释系统效应。在这一章中，我们介绍了康普顿效应的基本形式;我们描述了迄今为止开发的散射偏振计的设计方案，包括单相和双相方法;我们概述了校准方法，以减少系统的影响;我们描述了影响测量的背景源。
英文摘要：
Photons preferentially Compton scatter perpendicular to the plane of polarisation. This property can be exploited to design instruments to measure the linear polarisation of hard X-rays ($\sim$10 - 100 keV). Photons may undergo two interactions in the sensitive volume of the instrument, i.e. a scattering followed by an absorption. Depending on the materials used to detect these two interactions, the Compton polarimeter can be classified as single-phase (same material for scattering and absorption detectors) or dual-phase (different materials). Different designs have been studied and adopted, and current instruments are predominantly with sensors based on scintillation- or solid-state detectors. X-ray polarimetry requires much higher statistics than e.g. spectrometry or timing, thus systematic effects must be accurately measured and accounted for. In this chapter we introduce the basic formalism of the Compton effect; we describe the design schemes developed so far for scattering polarimeters, including both the single-phase and dual-phase approaches; we overview the calibration methods to reduce the systematic effects; and we describe sources of background which affect the measurements.
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