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arXiv 2301.09274quant-ph
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用状态依赖的哈密顿量描述波函数塌缩过程

Describing the Wave Function Collapse Process with a State-dependent Hamiltonian

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester(罗切斯特大学物理与天文系);Institute for Quantum Studies, Chapman University(查普曼大学量子研究学院);Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University(西北大学物理与天文系);The Kennedy Chair in Physics, Chapman University(查普曼大学肯尼迪物理学讲席教授)

Le Hu, Andrew N. Jordan

AI总结:

本文通过状态依赖的哈密顿量,将波函数连续塌缩过程描述为薛定谔方程,展示了如何通过解析求解投影测量和谐振子位置测量的哈密顿量,提出实验方案验证并应用结果,统一了量子力学中的两种演化。

摘要:

量子力学允许两种不同的演化:幺正演化,其确定性由薛定谔方程描述,以及波函数塌缩,其概率性、非幺正性且无法由薛定谔方程描述。本文从纯态出发,展示如何通过随机、时间依赖的哈密顿量将波函数的连续塌缩描述为薛定谔方程。我们解析求解了任意$ n $-级系统的投影测量哈密顿量以及基态谐振子的位置测量哈密顿量,并提出多种实验方案验证和应用结论。关键特征是哈密顿量必须依赖于状态。我们进一步讨论上述形式如何应用于描述混合量子态的波函数塌缩。所提出的形式可能统一量子力学中的两种演化。

英文摘要:

It is well-known that quantum mechanics admits two distinct evolutions: the unitary evolution, which is deterministic and well described by the Schrödinger equation, and the collapse of the wave function, which is probablistic, generally non-unitary, and cannot be described by the Schrödinger equation. In this paper, starting with pure states, we show how the continuous collapse of the wave function can be described by the Schrödinger equation with a stochastic, time-dependent Hamiltonian. We analytically solve for the Hamiltonian responsible for projective measurements on an arbitrary $n$-level system and the position measurement on an harmonic oscillator in the ground state, and propose several experimental schemes to verify and utilize the conclusions. A critical feature is that the Hamiltonian must be state-dependent. We then discuss how the above formalism can also be applied to describe the collapse of the wave function of mixed quantum states. The formalism we proposed may unify the two distinct evolutions in quantum mechanics.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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