Proton and electron irradiations of CH4:H2O mixed ices
Duncan V. Mifsud, Péter Herczku, Béla Sulik, Zoltán Juhász, István Vajda, István Rajta, Sergio Ioppolo, Nigel J. Mason, Giovanni Strazzulla, Zuzana Kanuchová
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Published as an open access article in the MDPI journal Atoms
The organic chemistry occurring in interstellar environments may lead to the production of complex molecules that are relevant to the emergence of life. Therefore, in order to understand the origins of life itself, it is necessary to probe the chemistry of carbon-bearing molecules under conditions that simulate interstellar space. Several of these regions, such as dense molecular cores, are exposed to ionizing radiation in the form of galactic cosmic rays, which may act as an important driver of molecular destruction and synthesis. In this paper, we report the results of a comparative and systematic study of the irradiation of CH4:H2O ice mixtures by 1 MeV protons and 2 keV electrons at 20 K.We demonstrate that our irradiations result in the formation of a number of new products, including both simple and complex daughter molecules such as C2H6, C3H8, C2H2, CH3OH, CO, CO2, and probably also H2CO. A comparison of the different irradiation regimes has also revealed that proton irradiation resulted in a greater abundance of radiolytic daughter molecules compared to electron irradiation, despite a lower radiation dose having been administered. These results are important in the context of the radiation astrochemistry occurring within the molecular cores of dense interstellar clouds, as well as on outer Solar System objects.
Vacuum ultraviolet photoabsorption spectroscopy of space-related ices: Formation and destruction of solid carbonic acid upon 1~keV electron irradiation
碳酸（H2 CO 3）是一种与天体生物学有关的弱酸，迄今为止，在太空中尚未发现。实验工作表明，β-多晶型的H2 CO 3的形式在空间相关的条件下，通过高能（紫外光子，电子和宇宙射线）处理的CO2和H2O丰富的冰。我们提出了一套系统的真空紫外光吸收光谱的纯和混合CO2和H2O冰暴露于1 keV的电子在20和80 K模拟不同的星际和太阳系环境。然后将冰退火以获得纯H2 CO 3层，其进一步暴露于20和80 K下的1 keV电子以监测其破坏途径。傅里叶变换红外（FT-IR）光谱被用作二次探针提供补充信息的物理化学变化内的冰。我们的实验室工作表明，固体H2 CO 3，CO和O3的形成后，高能处理的CO2：H2O冰混合物是温度依赖的范围内20和80 K之间。通过在200和225 K下对H2 CO 3冰进行退火，首次在真空紫外光谱范围内研究了冰的非晶-晶相变。我们在139和200 nm处检测到两个光吸收带，并将它们分别归属于β-H2 CO 3和γ-H2 CO 3。我们提出了真空紫外光谱的电子辐照退火H2 CO 3冰在不同温度下导致其分解成CO2，H2O，和CO冰。实验室的结果相比，卡西尼紫外成像光谱仪观测的70-90 K的土星卫星土卫二，土卫四，土卫五和土卫五的冰表面。
Formation of nitriles and isonitriles by the heavy-ion irradiation of propionitrile in N2-rich astrophysical ices
Centre de Recherche sur les Ions, les Matériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP), Université Caen Normandie（离子、材料与光子研究中心，诺曼底大学）；Departamento de Física, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca (CEFET/RJ)（物理系，塞尔索·苏克瓦·达丰塞卡联邦技术学院）
Electron irradiation and temperature-programmed desorption of layered ethanolamine-water-methanol ices
Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen（格罗宁根大学泽尔尼克高级材料研究所）；Center for Astrochemical Studies, Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik（马克斯·普朗克地外物理研究所天体化学研究中心）；Department of Bioscience, Technical University of Munich（慕尼黑工业大学生物科学系）；Síntesis y Mecanismos de Reacción en Química Orgánica, Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle（瓦尔莱大学化学系有机化学反应合成与机理）；Semillero de investigación en Astroquímica y Astrobiología (AstroLUCA), Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle（瓦尔莱大学化学系天体化学与天体生物学研究种子团队（AstroLUCA））；Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Libre（自由大学健康科学学院）；HUN-REN Institute for Nuclear Research（匈牙利研究与创新网络核子研究所）；Institute of Chemistry, University of Debrecen（德布勒森大学化学研究所）；Astronomical Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences（斯洛伐克科学院天文研究所）
Modeling the UV-photon irradiation of CS$_2$-bearing ices in the laboratory with the pyRate gas-grain astrochemical code. New insights into the missing sulfur problem
Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE)（马克斯·普朗克地外物理研究所）；Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA)（天体生物学中心（西班牙国家科学技术研究委员会-国家航空航天技术研究所））
Water enhances the formation of refractory sulfur in interstellar ices
Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), INTA-CSIC（西班牙国家航空航天技术研究所-西班牙国家科学研究委员会天体生物学中心）；Departamento de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid（马德里康普顿斯大学物理科学学院地球与天体物理学系）；Instituto de Química Física Blas Cabrera (CSIC)（西班牙国家科学研究委员会布拉斯·卡布雷拉物理化学研究所）；Department of Physics, National Central University（中原大学物理系）
