石墨烯中等离子体-水分子共振增强的电子冷却
Electron cooling in graphene enhanced by plasmon-hydron resonance
AI总结：
本研究利用超快光谱学发现水能加速石墨烯电子冷却，并通过量子理论证明该现象源于石墨烯表面等离子体模式与水电荷涨落（水摆动模式）的共振，为量子摩擦机制提供了实验证据。
摘要：
越来越多的证据表明，固体的自由电子在固液界面的动力学中起着至关重要的作用。液体在流动时会引起电子极化并驱动电流；反过来，电子激发也参与流体力学摩擦。然而，潜在的固液相互作用一直缺乏直接的实验探测手段。在此，我们利用超快光谱学研究液-石墨烯界面的能量转移。石墨烯电子被可见光激发脉冲准瞬时加热，随后用太赫兹脉冲监测电子温度的时间演化。我们观察到，水会加速石墨烯电子的冷却，而其他极性液体则几乎不影响冷却动力学。固液热转移的量子理论通过石墨烯表面等离子体模式与所谓的 hydrons（水电荷涨落），特别是水摆动模式之间的共振，解释了这种水特有的冷却增强现象，该共振允许高效的能量转移。我们的结果为集体模式介导的固液相互作用提供了直接的实验证据，并支持了理论上提出的量子摩擦机制。结果还揭示了水-石墨烯界面具有特别大的热边界导率，并为增强基于石墨烯的纳米结构的热导率提供了策略。
英文摘要：
Evidence is accumulating for the crucial role of a solid's free electrons in the dynamics of solid-liquid interfaces. Liquids induce electronic polarization and drive electric currents as they flow; electronic excitations, in turn, participate in hydrodynamic friction. Yet, the underlying solid-liquid interactions have been lacking a direct experimental probe. Here, we study the energy transfer across liquid-graphene interfaces using ultrafast spectroscopy. The graphene electrons are heated up quasi-instantaneously by a visible excitation pulse, and the time evolution of the electronic temperature is then monitored with a terahertz pulse. We observe that water accelerates the cooling of the graphene electrons, whereas other polar liquids leave the cooling dynamics largely unaffected. A quantum theory of solid-liquid heat transfer accounts for the water-specific cooling enhancement through a resonance between the graphene surface plasmon mode and the so-called hydrons -- water charge fluctuations --, particularly the water libration modes, that allows for efficient energy transfer. Our results provide direct experimental evidence of a solid-liquid interaction mediated by collective modes and support the theoretically proposed mechanism for quantum friction. They further reveal a particularly large thermal boundary conductance for the water-graphene interface and suggest strategies for enhancing the thermal conductivity in graphene-based nanostructures.
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