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arXiv 2301.01419quant-ph
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多体本征态的约化密度矩阵和模量

Reduced Density Matrices and Moduli of Many-Body Eigenstates

Chaoming Song

摘要:

多体波函数通常位于高维希尔伯特空间中。然而,物理上相关的状态,即薛定谔方程的本征态是罕见的。对于只涉及成对相互作用的多体系统,这些本征态形成整个希尔伯特空间的低维子空间。这个子空间的几何形状,我们称之为本征态模问题是由一组2粒子哈密顿参数化。这个问题与2-约化密度矩阵的$N$ -可表示性条件密切相关,这是量子多体系统的一个长期挑战。尽管其重要性,本征态模量的问题仍然在很大程度上未探讨的文献。在这封信中,我们提出了解决这个问题的全面方法。我们发现了一组明确的代数方程,完全确定的本征态空间的$m$相互作用系统的投影品种,这反过来又决定了几何的空间表示减少密度矩阵。我们研究了这些空间的几何结构,并使用精确对角化方法数值验证了我们的结果。最后,我们将我们的方法推广到由一组实变量参数化的任意族的哈密顿量的模问题。

英文摘要:

Many-body wavefunctions usually lie in high-dimensional Hilbert spaces. However, physically relevant states, i.e, the eigenstates of the Schrödinger equation are rare. For many-body systems involving only pairwise interactions, these eigenstates form a low-dimensional subspace of the entire Hilbert space. The geometry of this subspace, which we call the eigenstate moduli problem is parameterized by a set of 2-particle Hamiltonian. This problem is closely related to the $N$-representability conditions for 2-reduced density matrices, a long-standing challenge for quantum many-body systems. Despite its importance, the eigenstate moduli problem remains largely unexplored in the literature. In this Letter, we propose a comprehensive approach to this problem. We discover an explicit set of algebraic equations that fully determine the eigenstate spaces of $m$-interaction systems as projective varieties, which in turn determine the geometry of the spaces for representable reduced density matrices. We investigate the geometrical structure of these spaces, and validate our results numerically using the exact diagonalization method. Finally, we generalize our approach to the moduli problem of the arbitrary family of Hamiltonians parameterized by a set of real variables.

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