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arXiv 2212.08115astro-ph.EP
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黑暗彗星?一个小行星样本上出乎意料的大的非引力加速度

Dark Comets? Unexpectedly Large Nongravitational Accelerations on a Sample of Small Asteroids

Darryl Z. Seligman, Davide Farnocchia, Marco Micheli, David Vokrouhlický, Aster G. Taylor, Steven R. Chesley, Jennifer B. Bergner, Peter Vereš, Olivier R. Haina… 展开作者

Darryl Z. Seligman, Davide Farnocchia, Marco Micheli, David Vokrouhlický, Aster G. Taylor, Steven R. Chesley, Jennifer B. Bergner, Peter Vereš, Olivier R. Hainaut, Karen J. Meech, Maxime Devogele, Petr Pravec, Rob Matson, Sam Deen, David J. Tholen, Robert Weryk, Edgard G. Rivera-Valentín, Benjamin N. L. Sharkey

摘要:

我们报告了基于光度不活动天体1998 KY $_{26}$、2005 VL $_1$、2016 NJ $_{33}$、2010 VL $_{65}$、2016 RH $_{120}$和2010 RF $_{12}$的天体测量数据的非径向非重力加速度的统计学显著检测。非重力加速度的大小大于通常由雅科夫斯基效应引起的加速度,并且没有基于辐射的非径向效应可以如此之大。因此,我们假设加速是由放气驱动的,并计算每个对象的隐含H $_2$ O生产率。我们试图通过没有表面灰尘和低水平的气体产生来调和放气引起的加速与缺乏可见的彗发或光度活动。虽然这些物体很小,有些还在快速旋转,但表面凝聚力比旋转力更强,仅凭快速旋转不能解释没有表面碎片的原因。有可能是表面的灰尘被移除之前,也许通过除气活动,增加了旋转速率到他们今天的价值。我们计算尘埃生产率的顺序$\sim10^{-4}$ g S $^{-1}$在每个对象假设的核是裸露的,在尘埃生产的上限从1998年KY $_{26}$的$\dot{M}_{\rm Dust}<0.2$ g S $^{-1}$的样本堆叠图像。这种产生对应于$\sim0.0025\%$级的亮度变化,这在现存的光度数据中是检测不到的。我们评估了这些目标的未来可观测性,并发现1998 KY $_{26}$的轨道-这也是延长隼鸟2号任务的目标-在2025年之前表现出有利的观测几何。

英文摘要:

We report statistically significant detections of non-radial nongravitational accelerations based on astrometric data in the photometrically inactive objects 1998 KY$_{26}$, 2005 VL$_1$, 2016 NJ$_{33}$, 2010 VL$_{65}$, 2016 RH$_{120}$, and 2010 RF$_{12}$. The magnitudes of the nongravitational accelerations are greater than those typically induced by the Yarkovsky effect and there is no radiation-based, non-radial effect that can be so large. Therefore, we hypothesize that the accelerations are driven by outgassing, and calculate implied H$_2$O production rates for each object. We attempt to reconcile outgassing induced acceleration with the lack of visible comae or photometric activity via the absence of surface dust and low levels of gas production. Although these objects are small and some are rapidly rotating, surface cohesive forces are stronger than the rotational forces and rapid rotation alone cannot explain the lack of surface debris. It is possible that surface dust was removed previously, perhaps via outgassing activity that increased the rotation rates to their present day value. We calculate dust production rates of order $\sim10^{-4}$ g s$^{-1}$ in each object assuming that the nuclei are bare, within the upper limits of dust production from a sample stacked image of 1998 KY$_{26}$ of $\dot{M}_{\rm Dust}<0.2$ g s$^{-1}$. This production corresponds to brightness variations of order $\sim0.0025\%$, which are undetectable in extant photometric data. We assess the future observability of each of these targets, and find that the orbit of 1998 KY$_{26}$ -- which is also the target for the extended Hayabusa2 mission -- exhibits favorable viewing geometry before 2025.

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