标量超辐射不稳定性的次主导模式与引力波拍频
Subdominant Modes of Scalar Superradiant Instability and Gravitational Wave Beats
AI总结：
本文研究超轻标量超辐射不稳定性中次主导模式对黑洞-凝聚体系统演化的影响，发现黑洞仍沿主导模式Regge轨迹演化，且主导与次主导模式的干涉产生引力波拍频，可用于区分黑洞-凝聚体系统与中子星等单色引力波源。
摘要：
超轻标量粒子可通过超辐射不稳定性从Kerr黑洞（BH）中提取能量和角动量。标记为$nlm$的多个模式在绕黑洞旋转时增长，并发射连续引力波（GW）。在本工作中，我们仔细研究了$n\geq 1$的次主导模式在黑洞-凝聚体系统演化中的贡献。我们发现，即使存在次主导模式，黑洞仍沿$n=0$模式的Regge轨迹演化。主导模式与次主导模式之间的干涉在发射的引力波中产生拍频，这一现象可用于将黑洞-凝聚体系统与其他单色引力波源（如中子星）区分开来。
英文摘要：
Ultralight scalars could extract energy and angular momentum from a Kerr black hole (BH) because of superradiant instability. Multiple modes labelled with $nlm$ grow while rotating around the BH, emitting continuous gravitational wave (GW). In this work, we carefully study the contribution of the subdominant modes with $n\geq 1$ in the evolution of the BH-condensate system. We find the BH still evolves along the Regge trajectory of the $n=0$ modes even with the presence of the subdominant modes. The interference of the dominant and the subdominant modes produces beats in the emitted GW, which could be used to distinguish the BH-condensate systems from other monochromatic GW sources, such as neutron stars.
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