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arXiv 2212.05083astro-ph.HE
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超巨星快速X射线瞬变的100个月斯威夫特目录II。根据爆发特性的SFXT诊断

The 100-month Swift catalogue of supergiant fast X-ray transients II. SFXT diagnostics from outburst properties

Romano P., Evans P. A., Bozzo E., Mangano V., Vercellone S., Guidorzi C., Ducci L., Kennea J. A., Barthelmy S. D., Palmer D. M., Krimm H. A., Cenko B.

摘要:

超巨星快速X射线瞬变(SFXT)是一种高质量X射线双星,其X射线爆发的峰值亮度可达10 $^{38}$ erg/s,其大部分时间处于更平静的状态,亮度低至10 $^{32}$ -10 $^{33}$ erg/s。我们对SFXT Swift触发器进行全面和统一分析的主要目标是提供工具来预测没有已知X射线对应物的瞬态是否可能是SFXT候选。这些工具可用于开发未来的飞行任务,通过大型FoV仪器探索可变X射线天空。我们检查了2005年8月30日至2014年12月31日期间收集的触发Swift/BAT的SFXTs爆发的所有可用数据,特别是那些宽带数据,包括Swift/XRT数据,也可用。我们用Swift Burst Analyser统一处理了所有BAT和XRT数据,以产生每次爆发的光谱演化相关通量光变曲线。BAT的数据使我们能够推断出有用的诊断设置SFXT触发器除了一般的伽玛射线暴人口,SFXTs引起独特的图像触发器,同时非常长,微弱,和“软”硬X射线瞬态。BAT数据本身可以很好地区分SFXTs从其他快速瞬变,如异常X射线源和软伽马重复。然而,为了将SFXTs与例如吸积毫秒X射线暴和喷射潮汐破裂事件区分开来,在BAT触发时收集的XRT数据是决定性的。对35/52个SFXT BAT触发器的XRT观测表明,在软X射线能带中,SFXT显示出在一天内从爆发峰值至少3个数量级的通量衰减,并且很少经历大的再增亮事件,在大多数情况下,有利于在3-5天(最多)内快速衰减到静止水平。[删节]

英文摘要:

Supergiant Fast X-ray Transients (SFXT) are High Mass X-ray Binaries displaying X-ray outbursts reaching peak luminosities of 10$^{38}$ erg/s and spend most of their life in more quiescent states with luminosities as low as 10$^{32}$-10$^{33}$ erg/s. The main goal of our comprehensive and uniform analysis of the SFXT Swift triggers is to provide tools to predict whether a transient which has no known X-ray counterpart may be an SFXT candidate. These tools can be exploited for the development of future missions exploring the variable X-ray sky through large FoV instruments. We examined all available data on outbursts of SFXTs that triggered the Swift/BAT collected between 2005-08-30 and 2014-12-31, in particular those for which broad-band data, including the Swift/XRT ones, are also available. We processed all BAT and XRT data uniformly with the Swift Burst Analyser to produce spectral evolution dependent flux light curves for each outburst. The BAT data allowed us to infer useful diagnostics to set SFXT triggers apart from the general GRB population, showing that SFXTs give rise uniquely to image triggers and are simultaneously very long, faint, and `soft' hard-X-ray transients. The BAT data alone can discriminate very well the SFXTs from other fast transients such as anomalous X-ray pulsars and soft gamma repeaters. However, to distinguish SFXTs from, for instance, accreting millisecond X-ray pulsars and jetted tidal disruption events, the XRT data collected around the time of the BAT triggers are decisive. The XRT observations of 35/52 SFXT BAT triggers show that in the soft X-ray energy band, SFXTs display a decay in flux from the peak of the outburst of at least 3 orders of magnitude within a day and rarely undergo large re-brightening episodes, favouring in most cases a rapid decay down to the quiescent level within 3-5 days (at most). [Abridged]

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