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arXiv 2212.04411astro-ph.GA
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强磁化巨分子云模拟中的双峰恒星形成

Bimodal Star Formation in Simulations of Strongly Magnetized Giant Molecular Clouds

Ronan Hix, Chong-Chong He, Massimo Ricotti

AI总结:

通过辐射磁流体模拟发现,强磁场可使巨分子云恒星形成由单峰转为双峰,产生第二次低质量恒星爆发,延长形成期并提高效率,可能解释球状星团多星族起源。

摘要:

我们展示了一组湍流分子云的辐射磁流体动力学模拟结果,其中我们在与本地巨分子云(GMCs)观测一致的范围内($1 \lesssim μ\lesssim 5$)改变了磁场的初始强度。我们发现,随着磁场强度的增加,恒星形成从单峰(基线情况,$μ=5$,具有单次恒星形成爆发和Salpeter初始质量函数)转变为双峰。这种效应在最强烈磁化的GMCs($μ=1$)中最为明显:第一次恒星形成爆发的持续时间、强度和IMF与基线情况相当,随后是第二次恒星形成事件,其中只形成低质量恒星。总体而言,由于第二次恒星形成爆发,强磁化情况导致更长的恒星形成周期和更高的恒星形成效率。第二次爆发是由未被辐射反馈驱逐的气体产生的,这些气体反而被大尺度磁场困在GMC中,产生了沿磁场线的近一维气体流。被困气体的湍流和磁拓扑结构与第一阶段不同,并强烈抑制了原恒星核上的气体吸积,从而降低了它们的质量。我们推测这种恒星形成双峰性可能是理解在巨大球状星团中观测到的多个恒星种群起源的重要成分。

英文摘要:

We present the results of a set of radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulations of turbulent molecular clouds in which we vary the initial strength of the magnetic field within a range ($1 \lesssim μ\lesssim 5$) consistent with observations of local giant molecular clouds (GMCs). We find that as we increase the strength of the magnetic field, star formation transitions from unimodal (the baseline case, $μ=5$, with a single burst of star formation and Salpeter IMF) to bimodal. This effect is clearest in the most strongly magnetized GMCs ($μ=1$): a first burst of star formation with duration, intensity and IMF comparable to the baseline case, is followed by a second star formation episode in which only low-mass stars are formed. Overall, due to the second burst of star formation, the strongly magnetized case results in a longer star formation period and a higher efficiency of star formation. The second burst is produced by gas that is not expelled by radiative feedback, instead remaining trapped in the GMC by the large-scale B-field, producing a nearly one-dimensional flow of gas along the field lines. The trapped gas has a turbulent and magnetic topology that differs from that of the first phase and strongly suppresses gas accretion onto protostellar cores, reducing their masses. We speculate that this star formation bimodality may be an important ingredient to understand the origin of multiple stellar populations observed in massive globular clusters.

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