19量子比特宽的二维近邻量子比特阵列的量子计算
Quantum computation on a 19-qubit wide 2d nearest neighbour qubit array
摘要：
在本文中，我们探讨了量子比特晶格的宽度限制在一维和物理阈值之间的关系，可扩展的，容错的量子计算。为了规避传统上固定宽度的小数组的低阈值，我们故意在使用表面码的最低编码级别设计了一个错误偏置。然后，我们在更高的编码水平上使用利用这种偏差的晶格手术表面代码总线或重复代码来解决这种工程偏差，以使逻辑量子比特具有偏置的表面码量子比特之外的无偏置错误。然后，通过进一步与其他码（例如Steane [[7，1，3]]码和[[15，7，3]] CSS码）级联，可以达到非常低的错误率。这使得在仅19个量子比特宽的正方形量子比特晶格上的可扩展的固定宽度量子计算架构成为可能，给定物理量子比特的错误率为$8.0\times 10^{-4}$。这可能会缓解具有精细量子位间距的系统中的工程问题，例如硅或砷化镓中的量子点。
英文摘要：
In this paper, we explore the relationship between the width of a qubit lattice constrained in one dimension and physical thresholds for scalable, fault-tolerant quantum computation. To circumvent the traditionally low thresholds of small fixed-width arrays, we deliberately engineer an error bias at the lowest level of encoding using the surface code. We then address this engineered bias at a higher level of encoding using a lattice-surgery surface code bus that exploits this bias, or a repetition code to make logical qubits with unbiased errors out of biased surface code qubits. Arbitrarily low error rates can then be reached by further concatenating with other codes, such as Steane [[7,1,3]] code and the [[15,7,3]] CSS code. This enables a scalable fixed-width quantum computing architecture on a square qubit lattice that is only 19 qubits wide, given physical qubits with an error rate of $8.0\times 10^{-4}$. This potentially eases engineering issues in systems with fine qubit pitches, such as quantum dots in silicon or gallium arsenide.
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