具有近邻相互作用的量子系统的解析可解哈密顿量
Analytically solvable Hamiltonians for quantum systems with a nearest neighbour interaction
摘要：
我们考虑由n个谐振子组成的线性链通过形式为$-q_r q_{r+1}$（$q_r$指的是第$r$振子的位置）的最近邻相互作用耦合而成的量子系统。原则上，这样的系统总是数值可解的，并涉及相互作用矩阵的特征值。在本文中，我们研究这样的系统是解析可解的，即当相互作用矩阵的特征值和特征向量有解析封闭表达式。这是当相互作用矩阵与离散正交多项式系统的雅可比矩阵重合时的情况。我们的研究可能的系统导致三个新的解析可解的哈密顿量：与Krawtchouk相互作用，哈恩相互作用或q-Krawtchouk相互作用。对于每一种情况，我们给出了哈密顿量的谱（解析形式），并讨论了谱的一些典型性质。
英文摘要：
We consider quantum systems consisting of a linear chain of n harmonic oscillators coupled by a nearest neighbour interaction of the form $-q_r q_{r+1}$ ($q_r$ refers to the position of the $r$th oscillator). In principle, such systems are always numerically solvable and involve the eigenvalues of the interaction matrix. In this paper, we investigate when such a system is analytically solvable, i.e. when the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the interaction matrix have analytically closed expressions. This is the case when the interaction matrix coincides with the Jacobi matrix of a system of discrete orthogonal polynomials. Our study of possible systems leads to three new analytically solvable Hamiltonians: with a Krawtchouk interaction, a Hahn interaction or a q-Krawtchouk interaction. For each of these cases, we give the spectrum of the Hamiltonian (in analytic form) and discuss some typical properties of the spectra.
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