源内法拉第旋转的偏振脉泽辐射
Polarized Maser Emission with In-Source Faraday Rotation
摘要：
我们讨论的偏振在天体物理脉泽的研究，特别强调的情况下，塞曼分裂是小的多普勒配置文件相比，导致磁子状态之间的过渡混合。推导了分子响应的半经典理论，并将其与单光束和双光束线性脉泽的辐射转移解耦合，得到了一组分子密度矩阵元素的非线性代数方程。新的代码PRISM实现了数值方法来计算这些解决方案。使用棱镜，我们证明了这种情况下，更广泛的分裂之间的平稳过渡。对于一个J=1-0的系统，与参数的基础上的$v=1, J=1-0$过渡的SiO，我们调查的行为的线性和圆偏振之间的角度的函数的传播轴和磁场，并与光学深度，或饱和状态，的模型。我们演示了如何修改的解决方案的法拉第旋转的存在下，产生的各种丰度的自由电子，并强大的法拉第旋转导致额外的角度斯托克斯-Q改变符号。我们将我们的结果与以前的一些模型进行了比较，从Goldreich，Keeley和Kwan在1973年得出的分析极限，到W。沃森和合著者，Lankhaar和Vlemmings在2019年的最新工作。我们发现，我们的结果一般是一致的，与其他作者给出的方法和近似的差异。
英文摘要：
We discuss studies of polarization in astrophysical masers with particular emphasis on the case where the Zeeman splitting is small compared to the Doppler profile, resulting in a blend of the transitions between magnetic substates. A semi-classical theory of the molecular response is derived, and coupled to radiative transfer solutions for 1 and 2-beam linear masers, resulting in a set of non-linear, algebraic equations for elements of the molecular density matrix. The new code, PRISM, implements numerical methods to compute these solutions. Using PRISM, we demonstrate a smooth transfer between this case and that of wider splitting. For a J=1-0 system, with parameters based on the $v=1, J=1-0$ transition of SiO, we investigate the behaviour of linear and circular polarization as a function of the angle between the propagation axis and the magnetic field, and with the optical depth, or saturation state, of the model. We demonstrate how solutions are modified by the presence of Faraday rotation, generated by various abundances of free electrons, and that strong Faraday rotation leads to additional angles where Stokes-Q changes sign. We compare our results to a number of previous models, from the analytical limits derived by Goldreich, Keeley and Kwan in 1973, through computational results by W. Watson and co-authors, to the recent work by Lankhaar and Vlemmings in 2019. We find that our results are generally consistent with those of other authors given the differences of approach and the approximations made.
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