Quantum entanglement is a fundamental resource for quantum information processing and is widely used in quantum communication, quantum computation and quantum metrology. Early research on quantum entanglement mainly focus on qubit states, but in recent years, more and more research has begun to focus on high-dimensional entangled states. Compared with qubit entangled states, higher-dimensional entangled states have a larger information capacity and the potential to realize more complex quantum applications. In this Letter, we have experimentally prepared a special high-dimensional entangled state, the so-called three-photon asymmetric maximally entangled state, which consists of two two-dimensional photons and one four-dimensional photon. Using this asymmetric maximally entangled state as a resource, we have also implemented a proof-of-principle quantum teleportation experiment, realizing the transfer of quantum information from two qubits to a single ququart. The fidelities of the quantum teleportation range from 0.79 to 0.86, which are well above both the optimal single-copy ququart state-estimation limit of 2/5 and maximal qutrit-ququart overlap of 3/4, thus confirming a genuine and nonclassical four-dimensional teleportation. The asymmetric entangled state realized here has the potential to be used as a quantum interface in future quantum networks, allowing quantum information transfer between quantum objects of different dimensions via the quantum teleportation protocol demonstrated in this work.
We present a scheme for probabilistic teleportation via a non-maximally entangled GHZ state. Quantum teleportation will succeed with a certain probability if the sender makes a generalized Bell state measurement, the cooperator performs a generalized $X$ basis measurement, and the receiver introduces an auxiliary particle, performs a collective unitary transformation and makes a measurement on the auxiliary particle. The success probability of the teleportation is given. We also obtain the maximum of the success probability of the teleportation.
We propose a protocol of the long-distance atomic state teleportation via cavity decay, which allows for high-fidelity teleportation even with currently available optical cavities. The protocol is based on the scheme proposed by Bose \emph{et al.} [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\textbf{83}}, 5158 (1999)] but with one important modification: it employs non-maximally-entangled states instead of maximally entangled states.
We study the efficacy of two-qubit mixed entangled states as resources for quantum teleportation. We first consider two maximally entangled mixed states, viz., the Werner state\cite{werner}, and a class of states introduced by Munro {\it et al.} \cite{munro}. We show that the Werner state when used as teleportation channel, gives rise to better average teleportation fidelity compared to the latter class of states for any finite value of mixedness. We then introduce a non-maximally entangled mixed state obtained as a convex combination of a two-qubit entangled mixed state and a two-qubit separa…
A theoretical scheme for bidirectional swapping quantum controlled teleportation is presented using the entanglement property of maximally entangled five-qubit state, i.e., Alice wants to transmit a entangled state of particle a to Bob and Bob wants to transmit a entangled state of particle b to Alice via the control of the supervisor Charlie.
Three-qubit mixed states are used as a channel for controlled quantum teleportation (CQT) of single-qubit states. The connection between different channel parameters to achieve maximum controlled teleportation fidelity is investigated. We show that for a given multipartite entanglement and mixedness, a class of non-maximally entangled mixed $X$ states ($X-$NMEMS) achieves optimum controlled quantum teleportation fidelity, interestingly a class of maximally entangled mixed $X$ states ($X-$MEMS) fails to do so. This demonstrates, for a given spectrum and mixedness, that $X-$MEMS are not sufficie…
An efficient and economical scheme is proposed for the perfect quantum teleportation of n-qubit non-maximally entangled state of generalized Bell-type. A Bell state is used as the quantum channel in the proposed scheme. It is also shown that the controlled teleportation of this n-qubit state can be achieved by using a GHZ state or a GHZ-like state as quantum channel. The proposed schemes are economical because for the perfect and controlled teleportation of n-qubit non-maximally entangled state of generalized Bell-type we only need a Bell state and a tripartite entangled state respectively. It…
We constructed a class of non-maximally entangled mixed states \cite{roy2010} and extensively studied its entanglement properties and also their usefulness as teleportation channels. In this article, we revisited our constructed state and have studied it from three different perspectives. Since every entangled state is associated with an witness operator, we have found a suitable entanglement as well as teleportation witness for our non-maximally entangled mixed states. We considered the noisy channel's effects on our constructed state and to see whether it affects the states' capacity as tele…
We investigate the multiple teleportation with some nonmaximally entangled channels. The efficiencies of two multiple teleportation protocols, the separate multiple teleportation protocol (SMTP) and the global multiple teleportation protocol (GMTP), are calculated. We show that GMTP is more efficient than SMTP.
We investigate multiple linear optical teleportation in the Knill-Laflamme-Milburn scheme with both maximally and nonmaximally entangled states. We show that if the qubit is teleported several times via nonmaximally entangled state then the errors introduced in the previous teleportations can be corrected by the errors introduced in the following teleportations. This effect is so strong that it leads to another interesting phenomenon, i.e., the total probability of successful multiple linear optical teleportation is higher for nonmaximally entangled states than maximally entangled states.
In this letter, two different probabilistic teleportations of a two-particle entangled state by pure entangled three-particle state are shown. Their successful probabilities are different.
Teleportation algorithm assumes specific Bell states as input, but actual sources typically generates more than one. This work presents a teleportation algorithm for a two Bell states mixture, including remaining distortion from previous control process.
We consider a generalized quantum teleportation protocol for an unknown qubit using non-maximally entangled state as a shared resource. Without recourse to local filtering or entanglement concentration, using standard Bell-state measurement and classical communication one cannot teleport the state with unit fidelity and unit probability. We show that using non-maximally entangled measurements one can teleport an unknown state with unit fidelity albeit with reduced probability, hence probabilistic teleportation. We also give a generalized protocol for entanglement swapping using non-maximally e…
We analyze and evaluate perfect controlled teleportation via three-qubit entangled channels from the point of view of the controller. The key idea in controlled teleportation is that the teleportation is performed only with the participation of the controller. We calculate a quantitative measure of the controller's power and establish a lower bound on the control power required for controlled teleportation. We show that the maximally entangled GHZ state is a suitable channel for controlled teleportation of arbitrary single qubits - the controller's power meets the bound and the teleportation f…
A scheme for teleporting an unknown two-particle entangled state via W class states is proposed. In this scheme, the W class entangled states are considered as quantum channels. It is shown that by means of optimal discrimination between two nonorthogonal quantum states, probabilistic teleportation of the two-particle entangled state can be achieved.
We study quantum teleportation with the resource of non-orthogonal qubit states. We first extend the standard teleportation protocol to the case of such states. We investigate how the loss of teleportation fidelity resulting for the use of non-orthogonal states compares to a similar loss of fidelity when noisy or non-maximally entangled states as used as teleportation resource. Our analysis leads to certain interesting results on the teleportation efficiency of both pure and mixed non-orthgonal states compared to that of non-maximally entangled and mixed states.
As a variant of the original quantum teleportation, the port-based teleportation has been proposed, and its various kinds of useful applications in quantum information processing have been explored. Two users in the port-based teleportation initially share an arbitrary pure state, which can be represented by applying one user's local operation to a bipartite maximally entangled state. If the maximally entangled state is a $2M$-qudit state, then it can be expressed as $M$ copies of a two-qudit maximally entangled state, where $M$ is the number of the ports. We here consider a generalization of …
We present a setup for a direct, total teleportation of a single-particle entangled state. Our scheme consists of a parametric down-conversion source, which emits a pair of entangled photons, and a dual Bell measurement system with two beam splitters and two pairs of detectors. An entangled state shared by a pair of beams can be directly transferred to another pair of beams with a 50% probability of success. By a straightforward generalization of the scheme, total teleportation of a multi-particle entangled state can also be performed.
We consider quantum teleportation using the thermally entangled state of a three-qubit Heisenberg XX ring as a resource. Our investigation reveals interesting aspects of quantum entanglement not reflected by the pairwise thermal concurrence of the state. In particular, two mixtures of different pairs of W states, which result in the same concurrence, could yield very differrent average teleportation fidelities.
This paper proposes a scheme for teleporting an arbitrary coherent superposition state of two equal-amplitude and opposite-phase squeezed vacuum states (SVS) via a symmetric 50/50 beam splitter and photodetectors. It is shown that the quantum teleportation scheme has the successful probability 1/4. Maximally entangled SVS's are used as quantum channel for realizing the teleportation scheme. It is shown that if an initial quantum channel is in a pure but not maximally entangled SVS, the quantum channel may be distilled to a maximally entangled SVS through entanglement concentration.
We propose a simple scheme for the quantum teleportation of both bipartite and multipartite entangled coherent states with the successful probability 1/2. The scheme is based on only linear optical devices such as beam splitters and phase shifters, and two-mode photon number measurements. The quantum channels described by multipartite maximally entangled coherent states are readily made by the beam splitters and phase shifters.
Quantum teleportation requires the transmission of entangled pairs to Alice and Bob. Transmission errors modify the entangled state before the teleportation can be performed. We determine the changes in the output state caused by such transmission errors. It is shown that the errors caused by entanglement transmission are equivalent to the errors caused in a direct transmission of a quantum state from Alice to Bob.
Recently, entanglement teleportation has been investigated in Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4236 (2000). In this paper we study entanglement teleportation via two separate thermally entangled states of two-qubit Heisenberg XX chain. We established the condition under which the parameters of the model have to satisfy in order to teleport entanglement. The necessary minimum amount of thermal entanglement for some fixed strength of exchange coupling is a function of the magnetic field and temperature.
In this paper we propose a scheme for partially teleporting entangled atomic states. Our scheme can be implemented using only four two-level atoms interacting either resonantly or off-resonantly with a single cavity-QED. The estimative of losses occurring during this partial teleportation process is accomplished through the phenomenological operator approach technique.
We propose a scheme to teleport an entangled state of two $Λ$-type three-level atoms via photons. The teleportation protocol involves the local redundant encoding protecting the initial entangled state and allowing for repeating the detection until quantum information transfer is successful. We also show how to manipulate a state of many $Λ$-type atoms trapped in a cavity.
Recently, Ri-Gui Zhou et al. [Int. J. Theor. Phys. 59, 166-172 (2020)] proposed a scheme for bidirectional quantum teleportation of two-two and two-three qubit states by utilizing a six-qubit entangled state as a quantum channel. It is observed that the intrinsic efficiency calculated by Zhou et al. is not correct. In this improved scheme, we show that bidirectional teleportation of two-two and two-three qubit quantum states can be done by using optimized quantum resource and less consumption of classical resource. We also calculate the intrinsic efficiency of our improved scheme which is much…
We present two optimal methods of teleporting an unknown qubit using any pure entangled state. We also discuss how such methods can also have succesful application in quantum secret sharing with pure multipartite entangled states.
The relations of antilinear maps, bipartite states and quantum channels is summarized. Antilinear maps are applied to describe bipartite states and entanglement. Teleportation is treated in this general formalism with an emphasis on conditional schemes applying partially entangled pure states. It is shown that in such schemes the entangled state shared by the parties, and those measured by the sender should ``match'' each other.
We find that quantum teleportation, using the thermally entangled state of two-qubit Heisenberg XX chain as a resource, with fidelity better than any classical communication protocol is possible. However, a thermal state with a greater amount of thermal entanglement does not necessarily yield better fidelity. It depends on the amount of mixing between the separable state and maximally entangled state in the spectra of the two-qubit Heisenberg XX model.
In this work, we study the local distinguishability of maximally entangled states (MESs). In particular, we are concerned with whether any fixed number of MESs can be locally distinguishable for sufficiently large dimensions. Fan and Tian \emph{et al.} have already obtained two satisfactory results for the generalized Bell states (GBSs) and the qudit lattice states when applied to prime or prime power dimensions. We construct a general twist-teleportation scheme for any orthonormal basis with MESs that is inspired by the method used in [Phys. Rev. A \textbf{70}, 022304 (2004)]. Using this tele…
Quantum teleportation of qudits is revisited. In particular, we analyze the case where the quantum channel corresponds to a non-maximally entangled state and show that the success of the protocol is directly related to the problem of distinguishing non-orthogonal quantum states. The teleportation channel can be seen as a coherent superposition of two channels, one of them being a maximally entangled state thus, leading to perfect teleportation and the other, corresponding to a non-maximally entangled state living in a subspace of the d-dimensional Hilbert space. The second channel leads to a t…
We present two schemes for teleporting an unknown two-particle entangled state from a sender (Alice) to a receiver (Bob) via a four-particle entangled cluster state. As it is shown, the unknown two-particle entangled state can be teleported perfectly, and the successful possibilities and fidelities of the two schemes both reach unit.
Experimentally feasible scheme for teleportation of atomic entangled state via entanglement swapping is proposed in cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) without joint Bell-state measurement (BSM). In the teleportation processes the interaction between atoms and a single-mode nonresonant cavity with the assistance of a strong classical driving field substitute the joint measurements. The discussion of the scheme indicates that it can be realized by current technologies.
We study the entanglement of entangled coherent states in vacuum environment by employing the entanglement of formation and propose a scheme to probabilistically teleport a coherent superposition state via entangled coherent states, in which the amount of classical information sent by Alice is restricted to one bit. The influence of decoherence due to photon absorpation is considered. It is shown that decoherence can improve the mean fidelity of probabilistic teleportation in some situations.
We have tried to gauge the utility of a recently introduced seven-qubit state by Xin-Wei Zha et al for quantum teleportation and quantum state sharing. It is shown that this state can be used for the teleportation of an arbitrary single, double and triple qubit systems. We have also come up with 3 proposals for Quantum State Sharing using the Xin-Wei Zha state.
We present a teleportation protocol based upon the entanglement produced from Fock states incident onto a beam splitter of arbitrary transmissivity. The teleportation fidelity is analysed, its trends being explained from consideration of a beam splitter's input/output characteristics.
The usefulness of the genuinely entangled six qubit state that was recently introduced by Borras et al. is investigated for the quantum teleportation of an arbitrary three qubit state and for quantum state sharing (QSTS) of an arbitrary two qubit state. For QSTS, we explicitly devise two protocols and construct sixteen orthogonal measurement basis which can lock an arbitrary two qubit information between two parties.
We discuss some properties of the Knill-Laflamme-Milburn scheme for quantum teleportation with both maximally and nonmaximally entangled states. We derive the error correction scheme when one performs teleportation with nonmaximally entangled states and we find the probability for perfect teleportation. We show that the maximally entangled state is optimal in such a case. We also show how the error correction scheme can be implemented experimentally when one uses polarization encoding.
Quantum teleportation, the process by which Alice can transfer an unknown quantum state to Bob by using pre-shared entanglement and classical communication, is one of the cornerstones of quantum information. The standard benchmark for certifying quantum teleportation consists in surpassing the maximum average fidelity between the teleported and the target states that can be achieved classically. According to this figure of merit, not all entangled states are useful for teleportation. Here we propose a new benchmark that uses the full information available in a teleportation experiment and prov…
A protocol for teleporting two qudits simultaneously in opposite directions using a single pair of maximally entangled qudits is presented. This procedure works provided that the product of dimensions of the two qudits to be teleported does not exceed the dimension of the individual qudits in the maximally entangled pair.
The paper presents general protocols for quantum teleportation between multiparties. It is shown how N parties can teleport N unknown quantum states to M other parties with the use of N+M qudits in the maximally entangled state. It is also shown that a single pair of qudits in the maximally entangled state can be used to teleport two qudits in opposite directions simultaneously.
We push the limits of the direct use of partially pure entangled states to perform quantum teleportation by presenting several protocols in many different scenarios that achieve the optimal efficiency possible. We review and put in a single formalism the three major strategies known to date that allow one to use partially entangled states for direct quantum teleportation (no distillation strategies permitted) and compare their efficiencies in real world implementations. We show how one can improve the efficiency of many direct teleportation protocols by combining these techniques. We then deve…
We consider the problem of bi-directional controlled quantum teleportation of information encoded in phase opposite coherent state among two distant partners Alice and Bob, with the consent of controller, Charlie. We use five-mode cluster-type entangled coherent state as the quantum resource to achieve this task. The scheme uses linear optical devices such as beam splitter, phase shifters, and photon counters. We have shown that for moderately large coherent amplitude, near-perfect bi-directional controlled teleportation can be obtained in terms of the average fidelity of teleportation.
A class of quantum protocols to teleport bipartite (entangled) states of two qubits is suggested. Our schemes require a single entangled pair shared by the two parties and the transmission of three bits of classical information, as well as a two-qubit gate with an additional qubit at the receiver' location. Noisy quantum channels are considered and the effects on both the teleportation fidelity and the entanglement of the replica are evaluated.
Recently, Paolo Facchi et al. [Phys. Rev. A. 77, 060304 (R) (2008)] introduced the notion of maximally multipartite entangled states of n qubits. Here, we give a criterion for faithful controlled teleportation of an arbitrary two-qubit state via a five-qubit entangled state and obtain the general relation between the genuine five-qubit entangled state and controlled teleportation. This criterion can be extended to teleportation of an arbitrary N-qubit state using 2N+1-qubit entangled state. Furthermore, we study the optimal match of measuring basis and quantum channel.
Hybrid entanglement between discrete-variable (DV) and continuous-variable (CV) quantum systems is an essential resource for heterogeneous quantum networks. Our previous work showed that in lossy channels the teleportation of DV qubits, via CV-entangled states, can be significantly improved by a new protocol defined by a modified Bell state measurement at the sender. This work explores whether a new, similarly modified, CV-based teleportation protocol can lead to improvement in the transfer of hybrid entangled states. To set the scene, we first determine the performance of such a modified prot…
We consider multiple teleportation in the Knill-Laflamme-Milburn (KLM) scheme. We introduce adaptive teleportation, i.e., such that the choice of entangled state used in the next teleportation depends on the results of the measurements performed during the previous teleportations. We show that adaptive teleportation enables an increase in the probability of faithful multiple teleportation in the KLM scheme. In particular if a qubit is to be teleported more than once then it is better to use nonmaximally entangled states than maximally entangled ones in order to achieve the highest probability …
We investigate the usefulness of different classes of genuine quadripartite entangled states as quantum resources for teleportation and superdense coding. We examine the possibility of teleporting unknown one, two and three qubit states. We show that one can use the teleportation protocol to send any general one and two qubit states. A restricted class of three qubit states can also be faithfully teleported. We also explore superdense coding protocol in single-receiver and multi-receiver scenarios. We show that there exist genuine quadripartite entangled states that can be used to transmit fou…
We consider the problem of teleporting superposed coherent state using non-maximally entangled coherent state as quantum channel and study the effect of entanglement over quality of teleportation. We show that if maximally entangled coherent state (MECS) used by Van Enk and Hirota [Phys. Rev. A 64, 022313 (2001)] and by H Prakash et al. [Phys. Rev. A 75, 044305 (2007)] is replaced by a particular non-maximally entangled coherent state (NMECS), average fidelity of quantum teleportation increases appreciably at small coherent amplitudes. Since it is very challenging to produce superposed coheren…
We propose a method of the Bell bases decomposition to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit state through a nonmaximally entangled quantum channel, and give the universal decomposition matrix of N-qubit. Using the decomposition matrix, we can easily obtain the collapsed state at the receiver site. The inverse matrix that the decomposition matrix is just the transformation matrix that the receiver can manipulate. The decomposition matrix is a function of the parameters of the quantum channel. After defining the sub-matrix of the quantum channel, we find that the decomposition matrix is a tenso…
Quantum teleportation is rigorously discussed with coherent entang led states given by beam splittings. The mathematical scheme of beam splitti ng has been used to study quantum communication and quantum stochastic. We d iscuss the teleportation process by means of coherent states in this scheme for the following two cases: (1) Delete the vacuum part from coherent states, whose compensation provides us a perfect teleportation from Alice to Bob. (2) Use fully realistic (physical) coherent states, which give s a non-perfect teleportation but shows that it is exact when the average en ergy (densi…
We review and compare Bell-state measurement and quantum teleportation schemes using linear optics with three different types of resources, i.e., two-photon pairs, entangled coherent states and hybrid entangled states. Remarkably, perfect teleportation with linear optics is possible in principle based on a hybrid approach that combines two-photon pairs and entangled coherent states. It turns out that hybrid approach allows to perform Bell-state measurement and local Pauli operations in a deterministic way, while it requires photon number resolving measurements.
Recently Yu and Sun [Int. J. Theor. Phys. DOI 10.1007/s10773-014-2360-x] have presented probabilistic teleportation of 3-qubit cat state via 6-qubit cluster state. The success probability depends on absolute value of only two of the coefficients of cluster state i.e. |c|^2 + |d|^2. We have demonstrated the feasibility to teleport 3-qubit cat state via 2-qubit non maximally entangled Bell state instead of a complex state like 6-qubit non maximally entangled cluster state. In this comment we have prescribed an optimal protocol for teleportation of n-qubit state of the form (α|x> + β|\bar{x}>)_n …
The standard benchmark for teleportation is the average fidelity of teleportation and according to this benchmark not all states are useful for teleportation. It was recently shown however that all entangled states lead to non-classical teleportation, with there being no classical scheme able to reproduce the states teleported to Bob. Here we study the operational significance of this result. On the one hand we demonstrate that every entangled state is useful for teleportation if a generalization of the average fidelity of teleportation is considered which concerns teleporting quantum correlat…
We study the optimal teleportation based on Bell measurements via the thermal states of a two-qubit Heisenberg XXX chain in the presence of Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya (DM) anisotropic antisymmetric interaction and obtain the optimal unitary transformation. The explicit expressions of the output state and the teleportation fidelity are presented and compared with those of the standard protocol. It is shown that in this protocol the teleportation fidelity is always larger and unit fidelity is achieved at zero temperature. The DM interaction can enhance the teleportation fidelity at finite temperatures…
In this work we have proposed a scheme for generating $N$ qubit entangled states which can teleport an unknown state perfectly. By switching on the exchange interaction ($J$) between the qubits one can get the desired states periodically. A multi electron quantum dot can be a possible realization for generating such $N$ qubit states with high fidelity. In the limit of $N \to \infty$, there exists a unique time $t=\frac{1}{J}\cos^{-1}(-1/8)$ where the Hamiltonian dynamics gives the $N$ qubit state that can assist perfect teleportation. We have also discussed the effect of the nuclear spin envir…
The entanglement dynamics of an anisotropic two-qubit Heisenberg XYZ system in the presence of intrinsic decoherence is studied. The usefulness of such system for performance of the quantum teleportation protocol ${\cal T}_0$ and entanglement teleportation protocol ${\cal T}_1$ is also investigated. The results depend on the initial conditions and the parameters of the system. For the product and maximally entangled initial states, increasing the size of spin-orbit interaction parameter $D$ amplifies the effects of dephasing and hence decreases the asymptotic entanglement and fidelity of telep…
