一种求解航空运输机组集结问题的启发式算法
A heuristic algorithm for the Air Transport Unit Consolidation Problem
摘要：
将松散的包裹合并成运输单元是物流服务提供商提供的一项基本活动。移动运输单元而不是松散的包裹更快（仅用一次移动，多个包裹被装载，而不是对每个包裹进行一次装载操作），更安全（减少损坏和丢失的机会）并且更便宜。合并问题的典型目标之一是使所使用的运输单元（例如集装箱）的数量最小化。然而，在空中运输中，运输单元具有在成本计算中一致的多个方面，因此需要优化运输单元的数量和特性。在本文中，我们提出了航空运输单位的整合问题，其目的是确定如何巩固松散的包装在运输单位的目标，使相应的成本最小化。该问题是三维装箱问题的一个变体，其中目标函数是根据航空运输业务中计算成本的方式来制定的。此外，还包括侧面约束以考虑特定要求。我们提出了一种启发式算法，该算法构造一个初始的可行解，然后通过局部搜索算法来改进它。对随机生成的算例的计算测试表明，该算法在合理的计算时间内提供了高质量的解决方案。此外，对真实数据的测试表明，它改进了提供数据的公司在实践中发现的解决方案。
英文摘要：
Consolidation of loose packages into transport units is a fundamental activity offered by logistics service-providers. Moving the transport units instead of loose packages is faster (with one movement only, multiple packages are loaded instead of having one load operation for each package), safer (chances of damage and loss is reduced) and cheaper. One of the typical objective of consolidation problems is the minimization of the number of transport units used, e.g. containers. In air transportation, however, transport units have multiple aspects which concur in the calculation of the cost and thus optimization in the number and characteristics of the transport units is required. In this paper, we present the air transport unit consolidation problem where the aim is to determine how to consolidate loose packages in transport units with the goal of minimizing the corresponding cost. The problem is a variant of the three-dimensional bin packing problem where the objective function is formulated according to the way costs are calculated in the air transport business. In addition, side constraints are included to take into account specific requirements. We propose a heuristic algorithm which construct an initial feasible solution and then improves it through a local search algorithm. Computational tests on randomly generated instances show that the algorithm provides high quality solutions in a reasonable computing time. In addition, tests on real data show that it improves solutions found in practice by the company providing the data.
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