团队的专业多样性预测科学技术领域的原创性与长期影响力
Expertise diversity of teams predicts originality and long-term impact in science and technology
AI总结：
本研究提出基于职业经历量化研究者专业距离的方法，分析海量论文与专利后发现，专业多样的团队原创性更高且长期影响力更强，该发现对团队组建与资助有参考价值。
摘要：
尽管团队在产出创新性和高影响力的科学技术成果方面重要性日益提升，但团队成员间的专业多样性与其产出成果的原创性和影响力之间的关联仍不明确。本文提出一种基于研究者过往职业经历量化其专业距离的新方法，并将其应用于2300万篇科学出版物和400万项专利。研究发现，在整个科学技术领域，专业多样的团队往往能产出原创性更高的成果。专业多样性更高的团队在短期（2年）或中期（5年）并无显著的影响力优势，反而在长期（10年）展现出大幅更高的影响力，且日益吸引更广泛的跨学科影响。当团队其他维度的多样性缺失时，团队成员专业多样性带来的这种影响力溢价尤为显著——同一机构或国家内的团队似乎能不成比例地从专业多样性中获益。虽然性别多样的团队平均而言影响力相对更高，但不同性别多样性水平的团队似乎都能从专业多样性的提升中受益。鉴于个体研究者面临的知识需求不断增长、原创研究激励措施的推行以及短期与长期影响力之间的权衡，这些结果可能对资助、组建和留存兼具原创性与长期影响力的团队具有启示意义。
英文摘要：
Despite the growing importance of teams in producing innovative and high-impact science and technology, it remains unclear how expertise diversity among team members relates to the originality and impact of the work they produce. Here, we develop a new method to quantify the expertise distance of researchers based on their prior career histories and apply it to 23 million scientific publications and 4 million patents. We find that across science and technology, expertise-diverse teams tend to produce work with greater originality. Teams with more diverse expertise have no significant impact advantage in the short- (2 years) or mid-term (5 years). Instead, they exhibit substantially higher long-term impact (10 years), increasingly attracting larger cross-disciplinary influence. This impact premium of expertise diversity among team members becomes especially pronounced when other dimensions of team diversity are missing, as teams within the same institution or country appear to disproportionately reap the benefits of expertise diversity. While gender-diverse teams have relatively higher impact on average, teams with varied levels of gender diversity all seem to benefit from increased expertise diversity. Given the growing knowledge demands on individual researchers, implementation of incentives for original research, and the tradeoffs between short-term and long-term impacts, these results may have implications for funding, assembling, and retaining teams with originality and long-lasting impacts.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
