活性纠缠物质的超快可逆自组装
Ultrafast reversible self-assembly of living tangled matter
AI总结：
本文以加州黑虫为对象，结合实验、理论与模拟，揭示共振交替螺旋波如何同时驱动活性细丝缠结形成与毫秒级超快解缠，为拓扑可调活性材料设计提供原理指导。
摘要：
纠缠的活性细丝在自然界中无处不在，从染色体DNA和纤毛毯到根系网络和蠕虫团。活性与弹性如何在活性纠缠物质中促成集体拓扑转变，目前尚不清楚。本文报道了对加州黑虫（Lumbriculus variegatus）的实验与理论研究，它们能在数分钟内缓慢形成缠结，却能在毫秒级时间内解开。结合超声成像、理论分析和模拟，我们建立并验证了一个力学模型，用以解释单个活性细丝的运动学如何决定其涌现的集体拓扑动力学。该模型揭示，共振交替的螺旋波能够同时实现缠结形成与超快解缠。通过识别拓扑自转变的普适动力学原理，我们的结果可为设计新型拓扑可调活性材料提供指导。
英文摘要：
Tangled active filaments are ubiquitous in nature, from chromosomal DNA and cilia carpets to root networks and worm blobs. How activity and elasticity facilitate collective topological transformations in living tangled matter is not well understood. Here, we report an experimental and theoretical study of California blackworms (Lumbriculus variegatus), which slowly form tangles over minutes but can untangle in milliseconds. Combining ultrasound imaging, theoretical analysis and simulations, we develop and validate a mechanistic model that explains how the kinematics of individual active filaments determines their emergent collective topological dynamics. The model reveals that resonantly alternating helical waves enable both tangle formation and ultrafast untangling. By identifying generic dynamical principles of topological self-transformations, our results can provide guidance for designing new classes of topologically tunable active materials.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
