光调控光合微生物的运动性与相分离
Light controls motility and phase separation of photosynthetic microbes
AI总结：
本研究发现莱茵衣藻种群的相分离可由光完全可逆调控，揭示其源于光与密度依赖的运动性，受光合装置活性调控，拓展了生命系统自组织现象的认知边界。
摘要：
大量相互作用的非平衡智能体集群是活性物质的典型范式。其组成单元的内在活性可能引发自发分离，形成高密度与低密度的局域相。具备ATP供能运动装置的可运动微生物，是这类发生相分离的活性物质的典型代表，该现象在无数生物过程中都具有核心作用。自发空间聚集尚未被广泛认定为微生物群落的普遍特征，这一事实对相分离现象能否推广到人工活性系统之外构成了挑战。\n本文中，我们报道了莱茵衣藻（Chlamydomonas reinhardtii）种群的相分离现象，该现象可通过光实现完全可逆的调控。我们将这一现象归因于依赖光和密度的运动性，从而打通了从单细胞层面的光感知到集体空间自组织形成高低密度区域的关联。其光谱敏感性表明，微生物的运动性与相分离受光合装置活性的调控。该活性系统稳定性与动力学的特征指纹呈现出的图景，无法与当前人工活性物质相分离的物理学认知相契合——在该认知框架下，集体行为可由响应刺激变化的内在运动性调制产生。因此，我们的研究结果表明，生命系统中存在更广泛的一类自组织现象。
英文摘要：
Large ensembles of interacting, out-of-equilibrium agents are a paradigm of active matter. Their constituents' intrinsic activity may entail the spontaneous separation into localized phases of high and low densities. Motile microbes, equipped with ATP-fueled engines, are prime examples of such phase-separating active matter, which is fundamental in myriad biological processes. The fact that spontaneous spatial aggregation is not widely recognized as a general feature of microbial communities challenges the generalisation of phase separation beyond artificial active systems. Here, we report on the phase separation of populations of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that can be controlled by light in a fully reversible manner. We trace this phenomenon back to the light- and density-dependent motility, thus bridging the gap from light perception on the single-cell level to collective spatial self-organization into regions of high and low density. Its spectral sensitivity suggests that microbial motility and phase separation are regulated by the activity of the photosynthetic machinery. Characteristic fingerprints of the stability and dynamics of this active system paint a picture that cannot be reconciled with the current physical understanding of phase separation in artificial active matter, whereby collective behavior can emerge from inherent motility modulation in response to changing stimuli. Our results therefore point towards the existence of a broader class of self-organization phenomena in living systems.
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