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arXiv 2210.03351astro-ph.EP
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Magnetic induction工艺在热蒸发器中的应用

Magnetic induction processes in Hot Jupiters, application to KELT-9b

Wieland Dietrich, Sandeep Kumar, Anna Julia Poser, Martin French, Nadine Nettelmann, Ronald Redmer, Johannes Wicht

摘要:

热彗星的小半长轴导致高达几千开尔文的高大气温度。在这些条件下,热电离金属提供了丰富的带电粒子来源,从而建立了相当大的导电性。随后的电磁效应,如感应的电流,欧姆加热,磁阻力,或减弱纬向风迄今已被认为主要是在一个线性的框架内,稳态模型的感应。对于平衡温度为$T_{eq} > 1500$ K的热超导体,大气磁场的感应是一个失控过程,只能通过非线性反馈来停止。例如,磁场通过洛伦兹力对流体的反作用或磁不稳定性的发生。此外,我们还讨论了自激大气发电机的可能性。我们的研究结果表明,感应的大气磁场和电流变得独立的电导率和内部场,而是由行星的旋转速率和风速的限制。作为一个明确的例子,我们通过计算沿大气$P-T$的电导率,为白天和黑夜侧的配置文件,来计算最热的系外行星KELT-9 b的感应过程。尽管温度在3000 K和4500 K之间变化,所产生的电导率在整个大气中达到大约1 S/m的升高值。感应的磁场主要是水平的,可能达到400 mT的饱和场强,超过内部磁场两个数量级。

英文摘要:

The small semi-major axes of Hot Jupiters lead to high atmospheric temperatures of up to several thousand Kelvin. Under these conditions, thermally ionised metals provide a rich source of charged particles and thus build up a sizeable electrical conductivity. Subsequent electromagnetic effects, such as the induction of electric currents, Ohmic heating, magnetic drag, or the weakening of zonal winds have thus far been considered mainly in the framework of a linear, steady-state model of induction. For Hot Jupiters with an equilibrium temperature $T_{eq} > 1500$ K, the induction of atmospheric magnetic fields is a runaway process that can only be stopped by non-linear feedback. For example, the back-reaction of the magnetic field onto the flow via the Lorentz force or the occurrence of magnetic instabilities. Moreover, we discuss the possibility of self-excited atmospheric dynamos. Our results suggest that the induced atmospheric magnetic fields and electric currents become independent of the electrical conductivity and the internal field, but instead are limited by the planetary rotation rate and wind speed. As an explicit example, we characterise the induction process for the hottest exoplanet, KELT-9b by calculating the electrical conductivity along atmospheric $P-T$-profiles for the day- and nightside. Despite the temperature varying between 3000 K and 4500 K, the resulting electrical conductivity attains an elevated value of roughly 1 S/m throughout the atmosphere. The induced magnetic fields are predominately horizontal and might reach up to a saturation field strength of 400 mT, exceeding the internal field by two orders of magnitude.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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