测量前恒星核的内部结构对于理解恒星形成之前的初始条件至关重要。在这项工作中,我们使用Karl G. Jansky甚大阵射电望远镜(VLA,空间分辨率约3.7角秒)研究了前恒星核L1517B中心区域的氨谱线(NH3)(J,K=1,1和2,2)。我们的分析表明,从NH3 (1,1)和(2,2)发射得到的该核中心区域形状接近圆形。径向平均的动力学温度(T_k)几乎保持不变,平均值约为9 K。在这个前恒星核的中心致密核内部,没有观察到动力学温度(T_k)的急剧径向下降。此外,我们还注意到该区域存在从东北到西南方向的整体速度梯度,这可能表明该核存在旋转运动。然后我们计算了参数beta,其定义为旋转能与引力势能之比,发现beta约等于5 x 10^-03;这表明旋转至少在核的中心区域内部没有影响。我们还进行了维里分析,观察到中心区域可能处于收缩阶段。通过这项研究,我们还表明中心区域内部的湍流具有亚音速特性(声速马赫数,M_s < 1),并且没有明显的尺度依赖性。此外,我们注意到激发温度(T_ex)和NH3柱密度从核中心向外侧递减,其峰值分别为5.6 K和约10^15 cm-2。总之,这项工作考察了L1517B前恒星核中心区域的不同物理和运动学特性。
英文摘要:
Measurement of internal structures in the prestellar core is essential for understanding the initial conditions prior to star formation. In this work,, we study the ammonia lines (NH3 ) (J,K=1,1 and 2,2) in the central region of the prestellar core L1517B with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array Radio Telescope (VLA, spatial resolution ~ 3.7"). Our analysis indicates that the central region of the core is close-to-round in shape obtained both from NH3 (1,1) and (2,2) emissions. Radially averaged kinetic temperature (T_k ) is almost constant with a mean value of ~9 K. A radially sharp decrease in kinetic temperature (T_k ) has not been observed inside the central dense nucleus of this prestellar core. In addition, we also notice that there is an overall velocity gradient from north-east to south-west direction in this region, which may be indicative of the rotational motion of the core. We then calculate the parameter beta, which is defined as the ratio of rotational energy to gravitational potential energy and find that beta equals to ~ 5 x 10^-03 ; which indicates that rotation has no effect at least inside the central region of the core. We also perform the viral analysis and observe that the central region may be in a stage of contraction. From this study, we also show that turbulence inside the central region is subsonic in nature (sonic Mach number, M_s< 1) and has no prominent length-scale dependence. Furthermore, we notice that the decrement of excitation temperature (T_ex ) and column density of NH3 from the centre of the core to the outer side with the peak values of 5.6 K and ~ 10^15 cm-2 respectively. In conclusion, this work examines different physical and kinematical properties of the central region of the L1517B prestellar core.
FRagmentation and Evolution of dense cores Judged by ALMA (FREJA). I (Overview). Inner $\sim$1000 au structures of prestellar/protostellar cores in Taurus
Studying the chemical and kinematical structures of dense cores TMC-1C, L1544, and TMC-1 in the Taurus molecular cloud using the CCS and NH3 observations
An Ammonia Spectral Map of the L1495-B218 Filaments in the Taurus Molecular Cloud: II CCS & HC$_7$N Chemistry and Three Modes of Star Formation in the Filaments
c-C3H2 deuteration towards prestellar and starless cores in the Perseus Molecular Cloud
RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research(理化学研究所前沿研究集群);National Radio Astronomy Observatory(国家射电天文台);University of Virginia(弗吉尼亚大学);University of California, Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校);University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学);Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA(天体生物学中心(CAB),西班牙高等科学研究委员会-国家航空航天技术研究所)
Tracing grain growth in the forming prestellar core L1506C with 3D modeling of Herschel, IRAM, and CFHT observations
Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, CNES(天体物理学与行星学研究所以及图卢兹大学);University of Helsinki(赫尔辛基大学);Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale(萨克雷大学);Observatoire de Paris, PSL, CNRS, UPMC, Univ. Paris-Diderot(巴黎天文台)
NIKA2 observations of dust grain evolution from star-forming filament to T-Tauri disk: Preliminary results from NIKA2 observations of the Taurus B211/B213 filament
Extended and Compact Ortho-H$_2$D$^+$ Structures Close to the Moment of Star-Formation: Evidence from ALMA-ACA Observations in Taurus
Kagawa University(香川大学);Kyushu University(九州大学);National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences(日本国立天文台,自然科学研究院);RIKEN Pioneering Research Institute(理化学研究所先锋研究本部);University of Tokyo(东京大学);Nagoya University(名古屋大学);Nobeyama Radio Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences(野边山无线电天文台,日本国立天文台,自然科学研究院);The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN)(理化学研究所);Kagoshima University(鹿儿岛大学);Osaka Metropolitan University(大阪公立大学)
Gas phase Elemental abundances in Molecular cloudS (GEMS) XII. First look into the para-to-ortho ratio of c-C3D2 towards prestellar cores
RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research(RIKEN 前沿研究集群);Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA(天体生物学中心(CAB),CSIC-INTA);LUX, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités(卢米涅实验室,巴黎天文台,PSL 研究大学,CNRS,索邦大学);Observatorio Astronómico Nacional (IGN)(国家天文台(IGN));Observatorio de Yebes (IGN)(耶韦斯天文台(IGN))
Inventories of Rich Carbon-Chain Chemistry in Prestellar and Starless Cores in the Perseus Molecular Cloud
University of California, Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校);National Radio Astronomy Observatory(美国国家射电天文台);RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research(理化学研究所先导研究集群);Steward Observatory, University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学斯图尔德天文台);Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA(天体生物学中心,西班牙科学研究中心-国家航空航天技术研究所)
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics(马克斯·普朗克地外物理学研究所);University of Toronto(多伦多大学);University of Alberta(阿尔伯塔大学);Queen's University(女王大学);University of Victoria(维多利亚大学);National Research Council of Canada(加拿大国家研究委员会);Chalmers University of Technology(查尔姆斯理工大学);University of Florida(佛罗里达大学);The University of Texas, Austin(德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校);Sidrat Research(Sidrat研究公司);University of Cambridge(剑桥大学);Yale University(耶鲁大学);Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute(韩国天文学与空间科学研究院);Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics(哈佛-史密森尼天体物理中心);University of North Carolina Chapel Hill(北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校)
本文介绍了Green Bank Ammonia Survey最终数据发布(DR2),通过对多个恒星形成区的NH₃谱线进行正向建模生成气体物理性质图谱,发现NH₃发射延伸超出致密核尺度,且连贯区域普遍存在,其速度弥散与温度随恒星形成活动增强而系统性增加。
Detection of a turbulent gas component associated with a starless core with subthermal turbulence in the Orion A cloud
我们报告了在猎户座A云中对无星核心TUKH 122的NH $_3$发射中的机翼组件的检测。这个NH $_3$核心被认为是在恒星形成的边缘,因为NH $_3$核心内部的湍流几乎完全消散,也因为它被CCS包围,这类似于金牛座的星前核心L1544,显示出坠落运动。观测是用Nobeyama 45米望远镜以0.05公里/秒的$^{-1}$速度分辨率进行的。我们发现,NH $_3$线配置文件由两个组件。静止的主分量具有0.3 km s $^{-1}$的小线宽,主要由热运动控制,而红移的翼分量具有1.36 km s $^{-1}$的大线宽,代表湍流运动。这些组分的动力学温度分别为11 K和$<$ 30 K。此外,NH $_3$静止气体($VLSR=3.7$ km s $^{-1}$)和湍流气体($VLSR=4.4$ km s $^{-1}$)之间存在明显的速度偏移。湍流气体的质心速度对应于由$^{13}$ CO($J=1-0$)和CS($J=2-1$)线追踪的周围气体的质心速度。对CS和CO的LVG模型计算表明,湍流气体的温度为$8-13$ K,H $_2$密度为~ $10^4$ cm $^{-3}$,表明湍流组分的温度也为~ 10 K。NH $_3$静止和机翼成分的检测可能表明从湍流母云到静止致密核心的急剧转变。