The JCMT Legacy Survey of the Gould Belt: a first look at Taurus with HARP
C. J. Davis, A. Chrysostomou, J. Hatchell, J. G. A. Wouterloot, J. V. Buckle, D. Nutter, M. Fich, C. Brunt, H. Butner, B. Cavanagh, E. I. Curtis, A. Duarte-Cabr… 展开作者
C. J. Davis, A. Chrysostomou, J. Hatchell, J. G. A. Wouterloot, J. V. Buckle, D. Nutter, M. Fich, C. Brunt, H. Butner, B. Cavanagh, E. I. Curtis, A. Duarte-Cabral, J. Di Francesco, M. Etxaluze, P. Friberg, R. Friesen, G. A. Fuller, S. Graves, J. S. Greaves, M. R. Hogerheijde, D. Johnstone, B. Matthews, H. Matthews, J. M. C. Rawlings, J. S. Richer, J. Roberts, S. Sadavoy, R. J. Simpson, N. Tothill, Y. Tsamis, S. Viti, D. Ward-Thompson, Glenn J. White, J. Yates
As part of a JCMT Legacy Survey of star formation in the Gould Belt, we present early science results for Taurus. CO J=3-2 maps have been secured along the north-west ridge and bowl, collectively known as L 1495, along with deep 13CO and C18O J=3-2 maps in two sub-regions. With these data we search for molecular outflows, and use the distribution of flows, HH objects and shocked H2 line emission features, together with the population of young stars, protostellar cores and starless condensations to map star formation across this extensive region. In total 21 outflows are identified. It is clear that the bowl is more evolved than the ridge, harbouring a greater population of T Tauri stars and a more diffuse, more turbulent ambient medium. By comparison, the ridge contains a much younger, less widely distributed population of protostars which, in turn, is associated with a greater number of molecular outflows. We estimate the ratio of the numbers of prestellar to protostellar cores in L 1495 to be ~ 1.3-2.3, and of gravitationally unbound starless cores to (gravitationally bound) prestellar cores to be ~ 1. If we take previous estimates of the protostellar lifetime of ~ 5 x 10^5 yrs, this indicates a prestellar lifetime of 9(+/-3) x 10^5 yrs. From the number of outflows we also crudely estimate the star formation efficiency in L 1495, finding it to be compatible with a canonical value of 10-15 %. We note that molecular outflow-driving sources have redder near-IR colours than their HH jet-driving counterparts. We also find that the smaller, denser cores are associated with the more massive outflows, as one might expect if mass build-up in the flow increases with the collapse and contraction of the protostellar envelope.
Using JCMT Gould Belt Survey data from CO J=3-2 isotopologues, we present a meta-analysis of the outflows and energetics of star-forming regions in several Gould Belt clouds. The majority of the regions are strongly gravitationally bound. There is evidence that molecular outflows transport large quantities of momentum and energy. Outflow energies are at least 20 per cent of the total turbulent kinetic energies in all of the regions studied and greater than the turbulent energy in half of the regions. However, we find no evidence that outflows increase levels of turbulence, and there is no corr…
The Gould Belt Legacy Survey (GBS) on the JCMT has observed a region of 260 square arcminutes in 12CO J=3--2 emission, and a 190 square arcminute subset of this in 13CO and C18O towards the Serpens molecular cloud. We examine the global velocity structure of the non-outflowing gas, and calculate excitation temperatures and opacities. The large scale mass and energetics of the region are evaluated, with special consideration for high velocity gas. We find the cloud to have a mass of 203 solar masses, and to be gravitationally bound, and that the kinetic energy of the outflowing gas is approxima…
Radiative feedback can influence subsequent star formation. We quantify the heating from OB stars in the local star-forming regions in the JCMT Gould Belt survey. Dust temperatures are calculated from 450/850 micron flux ratios from SCUBA-2 observations at the JCMT assuming a fixed dust opacity spectral index $β=1.8$. Mean dust temperatures are calculated for each submillimetre clump along with projected distances from the main OB star in the region. Temperature vs. distance is fit with a simple model of dust heating by the OB star radiation plus the interstellar radiation field and dust cooli…
We present Herschel observations from the Herschel Gould Belt Survey and SCUBA-2 science verification observations from the JCMT Gould Belt Survey of the B1 clump in the Perseus molecular cloud. We determined the dust emissivity index using four different techniques to combine the Herschel PACS+SPIRE data at 160 - 500 microns with the SCUBA-2 data at 450 microns and 850 microns. Of our four techniques, we found the most robust method was to filter-out the large-scale emission in the Herschel bands to match the spatial scales recovered by the SCUBA-2 reduction pipeline. Using this method, we fi…
We present observations of NGC1333 from SCUBA-2 on JCMT, observed as a JCMT Gould Belt Survey pilot project during the shared risk campaign when the first of four arrays was installed at each of 450 and 850 microns. Temperature maps are derived from 450 micron and 850 micron ratios under the assumption of constant dust opacity spectral index beta=1.8. Temperatures indicate that the dust in the northern (IRAS 6/8) region of NGC1333 is hot, 20-40 K, due to heating by the B star SVS3, other young stars in the IR/optically visible cluster, and embedded protostars. Other luminous protostars are als…
The Gould Belt Legacy Survey will survey nearby star-forming regions (within 500 pc), using HARP (Heterodyne Array Receiver Programme), SCUBA-2 (Submillimetre Common- User Bolometer Array 2) and POL-2 (Polarimeter 2) on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT). This paper describes the initial data obtained using HARP to observe 12CO, 13CO and C18O J = 3 - 2 towards two regions in Orion B, NGC 2024 and NGC 2071. We describe the physical characteristics of the two clouds, calculating temperatures and opacities utilizing all three isotopologues. We find good agreement between temperatures calcul…
Thermal emission from cold dust grains in giant molecular clouds can be used to probe the physical properties, such as density, temperature and emissivity in star-forming regions. We present the SCUBA-2 shared-risk observations at 450 $μ$m and 850 $μ$m of the Orion A molecular cloud complex taken at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT). Previous studies showed that molecular emission lines can contribute significantly to the measured fluxes in those continuum bands. We use the HARP $^{12}$CO J=3-2 integrated intensity map for Orion A in order to evaluate the molecular line contamination an…
The Orion A molecular cloud is one of the most well-studied nearby star-forming regions, and includes regions of both highly clustered and more dispersed star formation across its full extent. Here, we analyze dense, star-forming cores identified in the 850 μm and 450 μm SCUBA-2 maps from the JCMT Gould Belt Legacy Survey. We identify dense cores in a uniform manner across the Orion A cloud and analyze their clustering properties. Using two independent lines of analysis, we find evidence that clusters of dense cores tend to be mass segregated, suggesting that stellar clusters may have some amo…
The JCMT Gould Belt Legacy Survey obtained SCUBA-2 observations of dense cores within three sub-regions of Orion B: LDN 1622, NGC 2023/2024, and NGC 2068/2071, all of which contain clusters of cores. We present an analysis of the clustering properties of these cores, including the two-point correlation function and Cartwright's Q parameter. We identify individual clusters of dense cores across all three regions using a minimal spanning tree technique, and find that in each cluster, the most massive cores tend to be centrally located. We also apply the independent M-Sigma technique and find a s…
We present 850$μ$m and 450$μ$m data from the JCMT Gould Belt Survey obtained with SCUBA-2 and characterise the dust attributes of Class I, Class II and Class III disk sources in L1495. We detect 23% of the sample at both wavelengths, with the detection rate decreasing through the Classes from I--III. The median disk mask is 1.6$\times 10^{-3}$M$_{\odot}$, and only 7% of Class II sources have disk masses larger than 20 Jupiter masses. We detect a higher proportion of disks towards sources with stellar hosts of spectral type K than spectral type M. Class II disks with single stellar hosts of spe…
Investigating variability at the earliest stages of low-mass star formation is fundamental in understanding how a protostar assembles mass. While many simulations of protostellar disks predict non-steady accretion onto protostars, deeper investigation requires robust observational constraints on the frequency and amplitude of variability events characterised across the observable SED. In this study, we develop methods to robustly analyse repeated observations of an area of the sky for submillimetre variability in order to determine constraints on the magnitude and frequency of deeply embedded …
We present a subset of the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope Gould Belt Survey's "first-look" results of the southern extent of the Orion A molecular cloud. Employing a two-step structure identification process, we constructed individual catalogues for large-scale regions of significant emission labeled as "islands" and smaller-scale subregions called "fragments" using the 850 $μ$m continuum maps obtained using the Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array 2 (SCUBA-2). We highlight the relationship between the concentration and Jeans stability for regions of significant emission and present the re…
The whole of the Taurus region (a total area of 52 sq. deg.) has been observed by the Herschel SPIRE and PACS instruments at wavelengths of 70, 160, 250, 350 and 500 μm as part of the Herschel Gould Belt Survey. In this paper we present the first results from the part of the Taurus region that includes the Barnard 18 and L1536 clouds. A new source-finding routine, the Cardiff Source-finding AlgoRithm (CSAR), is introduced, which is loosely based on CLUMPFIND, but that also generates a structure tree, or dendrogram, which can be used to interpret hierarchical clump structure in a complex region…
The JCMT Gould Belt Survey: First results from the Corona Australis molecular cloud and evidence of variable dust emissivity indices in the Coronet region
We present observations of the Cepheus Flare obtained as part of the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) Gould Belt Legacy Survey (GBLS) with the SCUBA-2 instrument. We produce a catalogue of sources found by SCUBA-2, and separate these into starless cores and protostars. We determine masses and densities for each of our sources, using source temperatures determined by the Herschel Gould Belt Survey. We compare the properties of starless cores in four different molecular clouds: L1147/58, L1172/74, L1251 and L1228. We find that the core mass functions for each region typically show shallower-…
The Gould Belt Legacy Survey will map star-forming regions within 500 pc, using HARP (Heterodyne Array Receiver Programme), SCUBA-2 (Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array 2) and POL-2 (Polarimeter 2) on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT). This paper describes HARP observations of the J = 3-2 transitions of 13CO and C18O towards Orion A. The 1500-resolution observations cover 5 pc of the Orion filament, including OMC1 (inc. BN-KL and Orion Bar), OMC 2/3 and OMC 4, and allow a comparative study of the molecular gas properties throughout the star-forming cloud. The filament shows a velo…
The JCMT Gould Belt Survey was one of the first Legacy Surveys with the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope in Hawaii, mapping 47 square degrees of nearby (< 500 pc) molecular clouds in both dust continuum emission at 850 $μ$m and 450 $μ$m, as well as a more-limited area in lines of various CO isotopologues. While molecular clouds and the material that forms stars have structures on many size scales, their larger-scale structures are difficult to observe reliably in the submillimetre regime using ground-based facilities. In this paper, we quantify the extent to which three subsequent data-reduction …
We present a comparison of SCUBA-2 850-$μ$m and Herschel 70--500-$μ$m observations of the L1495 filament in the Taurus Molecular Cloud with the goal of characterising the SCUBA-2 Gould Belt Survey (GBS) data set. We identify and characterise starless cores in three data sets: SCUBA-2 850-$μ$m, Herschel 250-$μ$m, and Herschel 250-$μ$m spatially filtered to mimic the SCUBA-2 data. SCUBA-2 detects only the highest-surface-brightness sources, principally detecting protostellar sources and starless cores embedded in filaments, while Herschel is sensitive to most of the cloud structure, including ex…
We present 850 and 450 micron observations of the dense regions within the Auriga-California molecular cloud using SCUBA-2 as part of the JCMT Gould Belt Legacy Survey to identify candidate protostellar objects, measure the masses of their circumstellar material (disk and envelope), and compare the star formation to that in the Orion A molecular cloud. We identify 59 candidate protostars based on the presence of compact submillimeter emission, complementing these observations with existing Herschel/SPIRE maps. Of our candidate protostars, 24 are associated with young stellar objects (YSOs) in …
CO, $^{13}$CO and C$^{18}$O ${\it J}$ = 3--2 observations are presented of the Ophiuchus molecular cloud. The $^{13}$CO and C$^{18}$O emission is dominated by the Oph A clump, and the Oph B1, B2, C, E, F and J regions. The optically thin(ner) C$^{18}$O line is used as a column density tracer, from which the gravitational binding energy is estimated to be $4.5 \times 10^{39}$ J (2282 $M_\odot$ km$^2$ s$^{-2}$). The turbulent kinetic energy is $6.3 \times 10^{38}$ J (320 $M_\odot$ km$^2$ s$^{-2}$), or 7 times less than this, and therefore the Oph cloud as a whole is gravitationally bound. Thirty…
In this paper we present the first observations of the Ophiuchus molecular cloud performed as part of the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) Gould Belt Survey (GBS) with the SCUBA-2 instrument. We demonstrate methods for combining these data with previous HARP CO, Herschel, and IRAM N$_{2}$H$^{+}$ observations in order to accurately quantify the properties of the SCUBA-2 sources in Ophiuchus. We produce a catalogue of all of the sources found by SCUBA-2. We separate these into protostars and starless cores. We list all of the starless cores and perform a full virial analysis, including exter…
Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations can provide the position of compact radio sources with an accuracy of order 50 micro-arcseconds. This is sufficient to measure the trigonometric parallax and proper motions of any object within 500 pc of the Sun to better than a few percent. Because they are magnetically active, young stars are often associated with compact radio emission detectable using VLBI techniques. Here we will show how VLBI observations have already constrained the distance to the most often studied nearby regions of star-formation (Taurus, Ophiuchus, Orion, etc.) a…
We present SCUBA-2 450μm and 850μm observations of the W40 complex in the Serpens-Aquila region as part of the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) Gould Belt Survey (GBS) of nearby star-forming regions. We investigate radiative heating by constructing temperature maps from the ratio of SCUBA-2 fluxes using a fixed dust opacity spectral index, β = 1.8, and a beam convolution kernel to achieve a common 14.8" resolution. We identify 82 clumps ranging between 10 and 36K with a mean temperature of 20{\pm}3K. Clump temperature is strongly correlated with proximity to the external OB association and…
The dust emissivity spectral index, $β$, is a critical parameter for deriving the mass and temperature of star-forming structures, and consequently their gravitational stability. The $β$ value is dependent on various dust grain properties, such as size, porosity, and surface composition, and is expected to vary as dust grains evolve. Here we present $β$, dust temperature, and optical depth maps of the star-forming clumps in the Perseus Molecular Cloud determined from fitting SEDs to combined Herschel and JCMT observations in the 160 $μ$m, 250 $μ$m, 350 $μ$m, 500 $μ$m, and 850 $μ$m bands. Most …
Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations can provide the position of compact radio sources with an accuracy of order 50 micro-arcseconds. This is sufficient to measure the trigonometric parallax and proper motions of any object within 500 pc of the Sun to better than a few percent. Because they are magnetically active, young stars are often associated with compact radio emission detectable using VLBI techniques. Here we will show how VLBI observations have already constrained the distance to the most often studied nearby regions of star-formation (Taurus, Ophiuchus, Orion, etc.) a…
We present 450 and 850 micron submillimetre continuum observations of the IC5146 star-forming region taken as part of the JCMT Gould Belt Survey. We investigate the location of bright submillimetre (clumped) emission with the larger-scale molecular cloud through comparison with extinction maps, and find that these denser structures correlate with higher cloud column density. Ninety-six individual submillimetre clumps are identified using FellWalker and their physical properties are examined. These clumps are found to be relatively massive, ranging from 0.5to 116 MSun with a mean mass of 8 MSun…
We present the JCMT Gould Belt Survey's first look results of the southern extent of the Orion A Molecular Cloud ($δ\leq -5\mathrm{:}31\mathrm{:}27.5$). Employing a two-step structure identification process, we construct individual catalogues for large-scale regions of significant emission labelled as islands and smaller-scale subregions called fragments using the 850 $μ$m continuum maps obtained using SCUBA-2. We calculate object masses, sizes, column densities, and concentrations. We discuss fragmentation in terms of a Jeans instability analysis and highlight interesting structures as candid…
We present a catalogue of dense cores in a $\sim 4^\circ\times2^\circ$ field of the Taurus star-forming region, inclusive of the L1495 cloud, derived from Herschel SPIRE and PACS observations in the 70 $μ$m, 160 $μ$m, 250 $μ$m, 350 $μ$m, and 500 $μ$m continuum bands. Estimates of mean dust temperature and total mass are derived using modified blackbody fits to the spectral energy distributions. We detect 525 starless cores of which $\sim10$-20% are gravitationally bound and therefore presumably prestellar. Our census of unbound objects is $\sim85$% complete for $M>0.015\,M_\odot$ in low densit…
We present a first look at the SCUBA-2 observations of three sub-regions of the Orion B molecular cloud: LDN 1622, NGC 2023/2024, and NGC 2068/2071, from the JCMT Gould Belt Legacy Survey. We identify 29, 564, and 322 dense cores in L1622, NGC 2023/2024, and NGC 2068/2071 respectively, using the SCUBA-2 850 micron map, and present their basic properties, including their peak fluxes, total fluxes, and sizes, and an estimate of the corresponding 450 micron peak fluxes and total fluxes, using the FellWalker source extraction algorithm. Assuming a constant temperature of 20 K, the starless dense c…
Based on high-latitude molecular clouds with highly accurate distance estimates taken from the literature, we have redetermined the parameters of their spatial orientation. This system can be approximated by a 350x235x140 pc ellipsoid inclined by the angle i=17+/-2 degrees to the Galactic plane with the longitude of the ascending node lΩ=337+/-1 degrees. Based on the radial velocities of the clouds, we have found their group velocity relative to the Sun to be (u0,v0,w0) = (10.6,18.2,6.8)+/-(0.9,1.7,1.5) km/s. The trajectory of the center of the molecular cloud system in the past in a time inte…
Using data from the SCUBA Legacy Catalogue (850 um) and Spitzer Space Telescope (3.6 - 70 um), we explore dense cores in the Ophiuchus, Taurus, Perseus, Serpens, and Orion molecular clouds. We develop a new method to discriminate submillimeter cores found by SCUBA as starless or protostellar, using point source photometry from Spitzer wide field surveys. First, we identify infrared sources with red colors associated with embedded young stellar objects (YSOs). Second, we compare the positions of these YSO-candidates to our submillimeter cores. With these identifications, we construct new, self-…
We perform a virial analysis of starless dense cores in three nearby star-forming regions : L1688 in Ophiuchus, NGC 1333 in Perseus, and B18 in Taurus. Our analysis takes advantage of comprehensive kinematic information for the dense gas in all of these regions made publicly available through the Green Bank Ammonia Survey Data Release 1, which used to estimate internal support against collapse. We combine this information with ancillary data used to estimate other important properties of the cores, including continuum data from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope Gould Belt Survey for core ident…
This white paper gives a brief summary of Galactic continuum surveys with the next generation 850 micron camera at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) in the next decade. This new camera will have mapping speeds at least 10-20 times faster than the present SCUBA-2 camera, and will enable deep (<10 mJy/beam) and extensive continuum surveys such as a wider (-5 deg.<l<240 deg., |b|<2-5 deg.) Galactic Plane survey, a larger Gould Belt survey, and a follow-up survey of all Planck compact objects visible from the northern hemisphere. These surveys will provide a complete census of molecular clo…
(Abridged) As the stellar X-ray and UV light penetration of a protoplanetary disk depends sensitively on the dust properties, trace molecular species like HCO+, HCN, and CN are expected to show marked differences from photoprocessing effects as the dust content in the disk evolves. We investigate the evolution of the UV irradiation of the molecular gas in a sample of classical T Tauri stars in Taurus that exhibit a wide range in grain growth and dust settling properties. We obtained HCO+ (J=3-2), HCN (J=3-2), and CN (J=2-1) observations of 13 sources with the JCMT. Our sample has 1.3mm fluxes …
The characterization of dust properties in the interstellar medium (ISM) is key for star formation. Mass estimates are crucial to determine gravitational collapse conditions for the birth of new stellar objects in molecular clouds. However, most of these estimates rely on dust models that need further observational constraints from clouds to prestellar and protostellar cores. We present results of a study of dust emissivity changes based on mm-continuum data obtained with the NIKA camera at the IRAM-30m telescope. Observing dust emission at 1.15 mm and 2 mm allows us to constrain the dust emis…
We present an overview of the first data release (DR1) and first-look science from the Green Bank Ammonia Survey (GAS). GAS is a Large Program at the Green Bank Telescope to map all Gould Belt star-forming regions with $A_V \gtrsim 7$ mag visible from the northern hemisphere in emission from NH$_3$ and other key molecular tracers. This first release includes the data for four regions in Gould Belt clouds: B18 in Taurus, NGC 1333 in Perseus, L1688 in Ophiuchus, and Orion A North in Orion. We compare the NH$_3$ emission to dust continuum emission from Herschel, and find that the two tracers corr…
Short-duration flares at millimeter wavelengths provide unique insights into the strongest magnetic reconnection events in stellar coronae, and combine with longer-term variability to introduce complications to next-generation cosmology surveys. We analyze 5.5 years of JCMT Transient Survey 850 micron submillimeter monitoring observations toward eight Gould Belt star-forming regions to search for evidence of transient events or long-duration variability from faint sources. The eight regions (30 arcmin diameter fields), including ~1200 infrared-selected YSOs, have been observed on average 47 ti…
The CrA region and the Coronet cluster form a nearby (138 pc), young (1-2 Myr) star-forming region hosting a moderate population of YSO. We present Herschel PACS photometry at 100 and 160 micron, obtained as part of the Herschel Gould Belt Survey. The Herschel maps reveal the cluster members with high sensitivity and high dynamic range. Many of the cluster members are detected, including some embedded, very low-mass objects, several protostars, and substantial emission from the surrounding cloud. The Herschel data provide sufficient spatial resolution to detect small-scale details, such as bri…
In the early stages of star formation, a protostar is deeply embedded in an optically thick envelope such that it is not directly observable. Variations in the protostellar accretion rate, however, will cause luminosity changes that are reprocessed by the surrounding envelope and are observable at submillimeter wavelengths. We searched for submillimeter flux variability toward 12 Planck Galactic Cold Clumps detected by the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT)-SCUBA-2 Continuum Observations of Pre-protostellar Evolution (SCOPE) survey. These observations were conducted at 850 um using the JCMT/…
We present the first results from the B-fields In STar-forming Region Observations (BISTRO) survey, using the Sub-millimetre Common-User Bolometer Array 2 (SCUBA-2) camera, with its associated polarimeter (POL-2), on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) in Hawaii. We discuss the survey's aims and objectives. We describe the rationale behind the survey, and the questions which the survey will aim to answer. The most important of these is the role of magnetic fields in the star formation process on the scale of individual filaments and cores in dense regions. We describe the data acquisition…
Large-scale surveys of the Perseus molecular cloud have provided many clues as to the processes occurring during star formation. Here, analysis of both column density maps and kinematic data (maps and pointed data) are discussed and compared with predictions from simulations. Results include a column density threshold for the formation of dense star-forming cores and that the dense cores are quiescent within their local environment, while the molecular cloud as a whole has turbulent motions that are dominated by large-scale modes. Some of these results have already been used to constrain model…
We have obtained sensitive dust continuum polarization observations at 850 $μ$m in the B213 region of Taurus using POL-2 on SCUBA-2 at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT), as part of the BISTRO (B-fields in STar-forming Region Observations) survey. These observations allow us to probe magnetic field (B-field) at high spatial resolution ($\sim$2000 au or $\sim$0.01 pc at 140 pc) in two protostellar cores (K04166 and K04169) and one prestellar core (Miz-8b) that lie within the B213 filament. Using the Davis-Chandrasekhar-Fermi method, we estimate the B-field strengths in K04166, K04169, and…
We present results of far-infrared photometric observations with Herschel PACS of a sample of Upper Scorpius stars, with a detection rate of previously known disk-bearing K and M stars at 70, 100, and 160 micron of 71%, 56%, and 50%, respectively. We fit power-law disk models to the spectral energy distributions of K & M stars with infrared excesses, and have found that while many disks extend in to the sublimation radius, the dust has settled to lower scale heights than in disks of the less evolved Taurus-Auriga population, and have much reduced dust masses. We also conducted Herschel PACS ob…
The Serpens North Cluster is a nearby low mass star forming region which is part of the Gould Belt. It contains a range of young stars thought to correspond to two different bursts of star formation and provides the opportunity to study different stages of cluster formation. This work aims to study the molecular gas in the Serpens North Cluster to probe the origin of the most recent burst of star formation in Serpens. Transitions of the C17O and C18O observed with the IRAM 30m telescope and JCMT are used to study the mass and velocity structure of the region while the physical properties of th…
