GJ526场中的候选宇宙细丝，用NIKA2相机绘制
Candidate cosmic filament in the GJ526 field, mapped with the NIKA2 camera
摘要：
在红移z~1的光学星系的空间分布中已经发现了独特的大尺度结构。在更遥远的宇宙中，在毫米波段观测到的尘埃遮蔽的恒星形成星系群与所有宇宙流体动力学模拟中明显的暗物质宇宙细丝网络之间的关系仍在研究之中。使用NIKA2双波段毫米相机，我们在恒星GJ526的1.15毫米和2.0毫米连续波段上同时绘制了一个约为90弧分的磁场^[2]，以研究类星体的性质。对准五个源发现10年前与MAMBO相机在1.2毫米。我们发现这些来源不是一个拱星碎片盘在这颗恒星周围的团块正如最初假设的那样。相反，它们必须是遥远背景中的尘埃遮蔽的恒星形成星系，或亚毫米星系（SMG）。新的NIKA2地图在1.15毫米处显示了总共七个SMG，它们沿着穿过整个观测场的类似于彗星的结构分布在天空中。此外，我们表明，NIKA2和补充赫歇尔光度数据是兼容的光谱能量分布（SED）的这些来源的模型时，一个共同的红移为2.5和典型值的SMG的尘埃参数。因此，我们推测这些SMG可能位于遥远的“宇宙网”的细丝中。这条候选宇宙暗条穿过整个星图的长度至少为4 cMpc（共动），在这个红移下，源之间的距离在0.25 cMpc和1.25 cMpc之间，与宇宙学模拟的预期一致。尽管如此，还需要进一步的观测来确定这些源的精确光谱红移，以明确支持SMG嵌入暗物质宇宙细丝的假设。
英文摘要：
Distinctive large-scale structures have been identified in the spatial distribution of optical galaxies up to redshift z ~ 1. In the more distant universe, the relationship between the dust-obscured population of star-forming galaxies observed at millimetre wavelengths and the network of cosmic filaments of dark matter apparent in all cosmological hydrodynamical simulations is still under study. Using the NIKA2 dual-band millimetre camera, we mapped a field of ~ 90 arcminutes^2 in the direction of the star GJ526 simultaneously in its 1.15-mm and 2.0-mm continuum wavebands to investigate the nature of the quasi-alignment of five sources found ten years earlier with the MAMBO camera at 1.2 mm. We find that these sources are not clumps of a circumstellar debris disc around this star as initially hypothesized. Rather, they must be dust-obscured star-forming galaxies, or sub-millimetre galaxies (SMGs), in the distant background. The new NIKA2 map at 1.15 mm reveals a total of seven SMGs distributed in projection on the sky along a filament-like structure crossing the whole observed field. Furthermore, we show that the NIKA2 and supplemental Herschel photometric data are compatible with a model of the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of these sources when a common redshift of 2.5 and typical values of the dust parameters for SMGs are adopted. Hence, we speculate that these SMGs might be located in a filament of the distant `cosmic web'. The length of this candidate cosmic filament crossing the whole map is at least 4 cMpc (comoving), and the separations between sources are between 0.25 cMpc and 1.25 cMpc at this redshift, in line with expectations from cosmological simulations. Nonetheless, further observations to determine the precise spectroscopic redshifts of these sources are required to definitively support this hypothesis of SMGs embedded in a cosmic filament of dark matter.
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