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arXiv 2209.12418astro-ph.HEgr-qc
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旋转对核塌缩超新星强子-夸克相变多信使特征的影响

Impact of Rotation on the Multimessenger Signatures of a Hadron-quark Phase Transition in Core-collapse Supernovae

Shuai Zha, Evan O'Connor

摘要:

研究了旋转对发生一级强子-夸克相变的核心坍缩超新星(CCSNe)多信使信号的影响。我们用\texttt{FLASH}代码从具有不同旋转速率的20-$M_\odot$祖体开始模拟CCSNe,并使用来自\textit{Bastian} 2021的RDF状态方程来规定HQPT。旋转被发现延迟的HQPT的发病和由此产生的动力学坍缩的原致密星(PCS)由于离心的支持。所有带有HQPT的型号都会经历第二次反弹冲击,从而导致成功爆炸。由于旋转而变形的扁圆PCS在第二次反弹附近产生强引力波(GW)发射,其峰值振幅比第一次反弹附近的峰值振幅大$\sim10$倍。第二次反弹激波在中微子层的爆发产生了一个亮度为几个10 $^{53}$ ~erg~s $^{-1}$的富$\barν_e$中微子爆发。在快速旋转的模型中,第二次反弹后的PCS脉动在爆发后的中微子信号中产生振荡。在最快的旋转模型与HQPT,一个明确的相关性之间的振荡GW和中微子信号后立即第二次反弹。此外,HQPT引起的崩溃导致跳跃的旋转动能与引力能($β$)的PCS,持续GW排放可能会出现由于长期的非轴对称不稳定性的比率。

英文摘要:

We study the impact of rotation on the multimessenger signals of core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) with the occurrence of a first-order hadron-quark phase transition (HQPT). We simulate CCSNe with the \texttt{FLASH} code starting from a 20~$M_\odot$ progenitor with different rotation rates, and using the RDF equation of state from \textit{Bastian} 2021 that prescribes the HQPT. Rotation is found to delay the onset of the HQPT and the resulting dynamical collapse of the protocompact star (PCS) due to the centrifugal support. All models with the HQPT experience a second bounce shock which leads to a successful explosion. The oblate PCS as deformed by rotation gives rise to strong gravitational-wave (GW) emission around the second bounce with a peak amplitude larger by a factor of $\sim10$ than that around the first bounce. The breakout of the second bounce shock at the neutrinosphere produces a $\barν_e$-rich neutrino burst with a luminosity of serveral 10$^{53}$~erg~s$^{-1}$. In rapidly rotating models the PCS pulsation following the second bounce generates oscillations in the neutrino signal after the burst. In the fastest rotating model with the HQPT, a clear correlation is found between the oscillations in the GW and neutrino signals immediately after the second bounce. In addition, the HQPT-induced collapse leads to a jump in the ratio of rotational kinetic energy to gravitational energy ($β$) of the PCS, for which persistent GW emission may arise due to secular nonaxisymmetric instabilities.

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