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arXiv 2209.09259astro-ph.COastro-ph.GA
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星系团内混合介质的准螺旋解与星系团普适熵轮廓

Quasi-spiral solution to the mixed intracluster medium and the universal entropy profile of galaxy clusters

Uri Keshet, Itay Raveh, Arka Ghosh

AI总结:

本文提出星系团内介质中的准螺旋结构可作为混合等离子体的准稳态解,通过压力螺旋约束不同浮力相,并解释普适线性熵轮廓的形成与维持。

摘要:

高分辨率的星系团常常在反投影密度 $ρ$ 和温度 $T$ 场中显示出大尺度准螺旋结构,该结构由被称为冷锋的切向间断面勾勒,并叠加在具有线性 $K(r)\propto Tρ^{-2/3}\propto r$ 绝热线的普适径向熵轮廓上。我们证明,螺旋结构为混合的星系团内介质(ICM)提供了一种自然的准稳态解,它引入一个适度的压力螺旋来约束局部浮升或沉重的等离子体相。该解在均匀旋转或较差旋转下仍然存在,并且可以同时容纳内流和外流。带有沉积角动量和混合等离子体的扰动的流体力学绝热模拟因此渐近趋于自相似的螺旋结构。我们在二维和三维、并合和偏移星系团的欧拉和拉格朗日模拟中发现了类似的螺旋。间断面在球坐标 $\{r,θ,ϕ\}$ 中由 $ϕ(r,θ)\propto Φ(r)$ 给出,其中 $Φ$ 是引力势,它结合了赤道面($θ=π/2$)上的曳尾螺旋和垂直于该平面的半圆,形似蜗牛壳。在螺旋圈之间可以发展出局部对流不稳定性,在次线性 $K(r)$ 区域驱动一种修正的全局不稳定性;因此,演化后的螺旋即使在耗散之后也会把观测到的 $K\propto r$ 印记留在 ICM 上。螺旋结构使热相和冷相彼此靠近,表明观测到的快速外流即使在存在辐射冷却的情况下也能维持该结构。

英文摘要:

Well-resolved galaxy clusters often show a large-scale quasi-spiral structure in deprojected density $ρ$ and temperature $T$ fields, delineated by a tangential discontinuity known as a cold front, superimposed on a universal radial entropy profile with a linear $K(r)\propto Tρ^{-2/3}\propto r$ adiabat. We show that a spiral structure provides a natural quasi-stationary solution for the mixed intracluster medium (ICM), introducing a modest pressure spiral that confines the locally buoyant or heavy plasma phases. The solution persists in the presence of uniform or differential rotation, and can accommodate both an inflow and an outflow. Hydrodynamic adiabatic simulations with perturbations that deposit angular momentum and mix the plasma thus asymptote to a self-similar spiral structure. We find similar spirals in Eulerian and Lagrangian simulations of 2D and 3D, merger and offset, clusters. The discontinuity surface is given in spherical coordinates $\{r,θ,ϕ\}$ by $ϕ(r,θ)\propto Φ(r)$, where $Φ$ is the gravitational potential, combining a trailing spiral in the equatorial ($θ=π/2$) plane and semicircles perpendicular to the plane, in resemblance of a snail shell. A local convective instability can develop between spiral windings, driving a modified global instability in sublinear $K(r)$ regions; evolved spirals thus imprint the observed $K\propto r$ onto the ICM even after they dissipate. The spiral structure brings hot and cold phases to close proximity, suggesting that the observed fast outflows could sustain the structure even in the presence of radiative cooling.

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