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arXiv 2209.07044cs.LGcs.CY
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离散潜变量模型的公平推断

Fair Inference for Discrete Latent Variable Models

University of Maryland, Baltimore County(马里兰大学巴尔的摩县分校)

Rashidul Islam, Shimei Pan, James R. Foulds

摘要:

现在人们已经很好地理解了,机器学习模型,在没有适当照顾的情况下对数据进行训练,往往会对某些人群表现出不公平和歧视性的行为。传统的算法公平性研究主要集中在监督学习任务,特别是分类。虽然无监督学习的公平性受到了一些关注,但文献主要关注连续嵌入的公平表示学习。在本文中,我们相反地专注于使用离散潜变量的概率图模型的无监督学习。我们开发了一个公平的随机变分推理技术的离散潜变量,这是通过包括一个公平的惩罚的变分分布,旨在尊重原则的交叉性,从法律,社会科学和人文文学的公平性的关键镜头,然后优化变分参数在此处罚。我们首先展示了我们的方法在基准数据集上使用朴素贝叶斯和高斯混合模型来提高聚类的公平性和公正性方面的实用性。为了证明我们的方法的一般性及其对现实世界的影响潜力,我们开发了一个特殊用途的图形模型,用于刑事司法风险评估,并使用我们的公平方法来防止编码不公平的社会偏见的推论。

英文摘要:

It is now well understood that machine learning models, trained on data without due care, often exhibit unfair and discriminatory behavior against certain populations. Traditional algorithmic fairness research has mainly focused on supervised learning tasks, particularly classification. While fairness in unsupervised learning has received some attention, the literature has primarily addressed fair representation learning of continuous embeddings. In this paper, we conversely focus on unsupervised learning using probabilistic graphical models with discrete latent variables. We develop a fair stochastic variational inference technique for the discrete latent variables, which is accomplished by including a fairness penalty on the variational distribution that aims to respect the principles of intersectionality, a critical lens on fairness from the legal, social science, and humanities literature, and then optimizing the variational parameters under this penalty. We first show the utility of our method in improving equity and fairness for clustering using naïve Bayes and Gaussian mixture models on benchmark datasets. To demonstrate the generality of our approach and its potential for real-world impact, we then develop a special-purpose graphical model for criminal justice risk assessments, and use our fairness approach to prevent the inferences from encoding unfair societal biases.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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