We use AGN with $\rm L_{X} \sim 10^{42.5-44}\,erg\,s^{-1}$, from the COSMOS-Legacy survey that lie within the UltraVISTA region and cross match them with the LEGA-C catalogue. The latter provides measurements of the calcium break, D$_n$4000, and H$_δ$ Balmer line that allow us to study the stellar populations of AGN and compare them with a galaxy reference catalogue. Our samples consist of 69 AGN and 2176 non-AGN systems, within $\rm 0.6<z<1.3$, that satisfy the same photometric selection criteria. We construct the SEDs of both population and use the CIGALE code to investigate the effect of the two indices in the SED fitting process. Our analysis shows that the inclusion of D$_n$4000 and H$_δ$ allows CIGALE to constrain better the ages of the stellar populations. Furthermore, we find an increase of the estimated stellar masses by, on average, $\sim 0.2$ dex, in particular for systems with young stars (D$_n$4000$\,<1.5$), when the two indices are included in the SED fitting. We then compare the D$_n$4000 and H$_δ$ of AGN with sources in the reference catalogue, accounting for the different stellar mass of the two populations. Low to moderate L$_X$ AGN tend to reside in galaxies with older stellar populations and are less likely to have experienced a recent star formation burst, compared to galaxies in the control sample. We, also, compare the two populations as a function of their morphology (bulge-dominated, BD, vs. non-BD) and compactness. A similar fraction of AGN and non-AGN systems are classified as non-BD ($\sim 70\%$). Our analysis shows that BD AGN tend to have younger stellar populations compared to BD, non-AGN systems. On the other hand, non-BD AGN have, on average, older stellar populations and are less likely to have experienced a burst compared to non-BD sources in the reference sample. Furthermore, AGN tend to prefer more compact systems compared to non-AGN.
The First Systematic Survey of Stellar Halos in High-Inclination Galaxies Reveals Unusually Quiescent Merger Histories of Nearby Galaxies
University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）；University of Oxford（牛津大学）；Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias（加那利天体物理研究所）；Universidad de La Laguna（拉各拉纳大学）
The relationship between active galactic nuclei activity and environment has been long discussed, but it is unclear if these relations extend into the dwarf galaxy mass regime -- in part due to the limits in both observations and simulations. We aim to investigate if the merger histories and environments are significantly different between AGN and non-AGN dwarf galaxies in cosmological simulations, which may be indicative of the importance of these for AGN activity in dwarf galaxies, and whether these results are in line with observations. Using the IllustrisTNG flagship TNG100-1 run, 6\,771 d…
Large-scale outflows driven by active galactic nuclei (AGN) can have a profound influence on their host galaxies. The outflow properties themselves depend sensitively on the history of AGN energy injection during the lifetime of the outflow. Most observed outflows have dynamical timescales longer than the typical AGN episode duration, i.e. they have been inflated by multiple AGN episodes. Here, we present a neural-network based approach to inferring the most likely duty cycle and other properties of AGN based on the observable properties of their massive outflows. Our model recovers the AGN pa…
The majority of galaxies with current star-formation rates (SFRs), SFRo >= 10^-3 Msun/yr, in the Local Cosmological Volume where observations should be reliable, have the property that their observed SFRo is larger than their average star formation rate. This is in tension with the evolution of galaxies described by delayed-tau models, according to which the opposite would be expected. The tension is apparent in that local galaxies imply the star formation timescale tau approx 6.7 Gyr, much longer than the 3.5-4.5 Gyr obtained using an empirically determined main sequence at several redshifts.…
The orbits of satellite galaxies encode rich information about their histories. We investigate the orbital dynamics and histories of satellite galaxies around Milky Way (MW)-mass host galaxies using the FIRE-2 cosmological simulations, which, as previous works have shown, produce satellite mass functions and spatial distributions that broadly agree with observations. We first examine trends in orbital dynamics at z = 0, including total velocity, specific angular momentum, and specific total energy: the time of infall into the MW-mass halo primarily determines these orbital properties. We then …
Several massive ($M_{*} > 10^8 M_{\odot}$), high-redshift ($z = 8-10$) galaxies have recently been discovered to contain stars with ages of several hundred million years, pushing the onset of star formation in these galaxies back to $z\sim15$. The very existence of stars formed so early may serve as a test for cosmological models with suppressed small-scale power (and, hence, late formation of cosmic structure). We explore the ages of the oldest stars in numerical simulations from the Cosmic Reionization On Computers (CROC) project with cold dark matter (CDM) and two warm dark matter (WDM) cos…
The Star Formation and Nuclear Accretion Histories of Normal Galaxies in the AGES Survey
我们结合了来自重叠的9.3平方度NOAO深宽视场巡天（NDWFS），AGN和星系演化巡天（AGES）以及XBootes巡天的IR，光学和X射线数据，以测量6146个正常星系的X射线演化，作为绝对光学光度，红移和光谱类型的函数，在很大程度上未探索的红移范围0.1 < z < 0.5。因为只有最近或最亮的星系在X射线中被单独检测到，我们使用叠加分析来确定样本的平均属性。我们的研究结果表明，光谱晚型星系的X射线辐射主要是由恒星形成，而从早型星系的主要是由热气体和活动星系核发射的组合。我们发现，平均恒星形成和超大质量黑洞吸积速率密度的演化类似于（1+z）^[3]，这与在明亮的、可单独探测的星暴星系和活动星系核样本中发现的趋势一致。我们的工作也证实了许多以前的叠加分析微弱的源人口的结果，改进的统计。
The most massive protoclusters virialize to become clusters at $z\sim 2$, which is also a critical epoch for the evolution of their member galaxies. XLSSC 122 is a $z=1.98$ galaxy cluster with 37 spectroscopically confirmed members. We aim to characterize their star formation histories and to put them in the context of the cluster accretion history. We measure their photometry in 12 bands and create a PSF-matched catalogue of the cluster members. We employ BAGPIPES to fit star formation histories characterized by exponentially decreasing star-forming rates. Stellar masses, metal and dust conte…
Halo Histories vs. Galaxy Properties at z=0 II: Large-Scale Galactic Conformity
利用SDSS DR 7的群星表，我们试图测量银河系在本地宇宙的整合。我们测量孤立的主星系周围的邻近星系的淬灭分数，将孤立的样本分为恒星形成和静止的对象。我们限制我们的测量尺度$>1$ Mpc探测不同的晕形成历史之间的相关性。在恒星质量范围$10^{9.7} \le M_\ast/M_\odot \le 10^{10.9}$，我们发现最小的统计证据一致。我们进一步比较这些数据的晕年龄匹配模型的预测，其中最古老的星系与最古老的晕在固定的$M_\ast$。对于晕和恒星年龄之间有很强相关性的模型，一致性信号太大，与数据不一致。对于较弱的年龄匹配的实现，银河系的一致性是不是一个敏感的诊断晕组装偏差，并不会产生可检测的信号在SDSS数据。我们重现了考夫曼等人2013年的结果，其中当主星系本身是低恒星形成者时，邻近星系的恒星形成率在主星系周围显着降低。然而，我们发现这一结果主要是由隔离标准中的污染驱动的，当使用我们的群目录去除样本中的一小部分卫星星系时，一致性信号基本上消失了。最后，我们表明，小的一致性信号，即，2-5%的差异，在淬火分数的邻居星系，可以产生的机制以外的晕组装的偏见。例如，如果被动星系比相同恒星质量的恒星形成星系占据更多的质量晕，则可以产生与PRIMUS（Berti et al 2016）最近测量一致的一致性信号。
The Mass-to-light Ratios and the Star Formation Histories of Disk Galaxies
我们将来自恒星形成星系主序列（M_* vs. SFR）和星系颜色（从GALEX到Spitzer）的新数据与灵活的恒星星族方案相结合，从S^4G和S^4G样品中推导出恒星形成星系的质光比（M_* vs. SFR）。我们发现星系的主序列，特别是低质量端，结合星系颜色的轨迹，将盘星系和矮星系可能的恒星形成历史限制在Speagle等人发现的类似形状。将推导的恒星形成历史与文献中的恒星星族模型相结合，得到了可靠的α_* 值作为星系颜色的函数，其不确定度仅为0.05 dex。我们提供了处方，以推断光学和近红外带通，与近红外带通具有最小的不确定性（从0.40到0.55）。我们还为社区提供了一个网络工具，具有灵活的恒星星族参数，可以在大多数星系调查的波长范围内生成自己的λ_* 值。
Conformity denotes the correlation of properties between pairs of galaxies as a function of separation. Correlations between properties such as star formation rate (SFR), stellar mass, and specific star formation rate (sSFR) have implications for the impact of environment upon galaxy formation and evolution. Conformity between primary galaxies and satellites within the same dark matter halo has been well documented in simulations and observations. However, the existence of conformity at greater distances - known as two-halo conformity - remains uncertain. We investigate whether galaxies in the…
The star formation and metal enrichment histories of galaxies - at any epoch - constitute one of the key properties of galaxies, and their measurement is a core aim of observational extragalactic astronomy. The lack of deep rest-frame optical coverage at high-redshift has made robust constraints elusive, but this is now changing thanks to the \emph{James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)}. In preparation for the constraints provided by \emph{JWST} we explore the star formation and metal enrichment histories of galaxies at $z=5-13$ using the First Light And Reionisation Epoch Simulations (FLARES) sui…
Nearby galaxies are the end result of their cosmological evolution, which is predicted to be influenced by the growth of their host dark matter halos. This co-evolution potentially leaves signatures in present-day observed galaxy properties, which might be essential to further understand how the growth and properties of galaxies are connected to those of their host halos. In this work, we study the evolutionary histories of nearby galaxies both in terms of their host halos and the scatter of the star-forming main sequence by investigating their time-resolved stellar populations using absorptio…
By tracing the orbital and star formation histories of galaxies within the Coma cluster, we seek to understand the role of the high-density cluster environment in quenching these galaxies. We combine star formation histories extracted from high-signal-to-noise spectra of 11 early-type galaxies around the center of the Coma cluster with probability distributions for their orbital parameters obtained using an N-body simulation to connect their orbital and star formation histories. We find that all 11 galaxies likely quenched near their first pericentric approach. Higher stellar mass galaxies ($\…
We investigate whether the considerable diversity in the satellite populations of nearby Milky Way (MW)-mass galaxies is connected with the diversity in their host's merger histories. Analyzing 8 nearby galaxies with extensive observations of their satellite populations and stellar halos, we characterize each galaxy's merger history using the metric of its most dominant merger, $M_{\rm \star,Dom}$, defined as the greater of either its total accreted stellar mass or most massive current satellite. We find an unexpectedly tight relationship between these galaxies' number of $M_{V}\,{<}\,{-}9$ sa…
Half-mass radii of quiescent and star-forming galaxies evolve slowly from 0 < z < 2.5: implications for galaxy assembly histories
我们使用高分辨率，多波段成像的~16,500星系在CANDELS领域在0 < z < 2.5研究颜色梯度和半质量半径随宇宙时间的演变。我们发现，在固定质量的星系颜色梯度迅速演变之间的z~2.5和z~1，但保持大致恒定低于z~1。这一结果意味着恒星形成和静止星系的大小增加比以前使用半光半径的研究慢得多。静止星系的半质量半径演化与一个模型完全一致，该模型使用观测到的未成年人合并率来预测由于小星系的吸积而导致的尺寸增加。祖先的偏见可能仍然有助于静止星系的增长，特别是如果我们假设一个较小的合并增长模型的时间尺度较慢。恒星形成星系的半质量半径演化较慢，这与宇宙学模拟和半解析星系模型存在矛盾。需要进一步详细、一致地与模拟进行比较，以将这些结果置于背景中。
Galaxy evolution is generally affected by tidal interactions. Firstly, in this series, we reported several effects which suggest that tidal interactions contribute to regulating star formation (SF). To confirm that so, we now compare stellar mass assembly histories and SF look-back time annular profiles between CALIFA survey tidally and non-tidally perturbed galaxies. We pair their respective star-forming regions at the closest stellar mass surface densities to reduce the influence of stellar mass. The assembly histories and annular profiles show statistically significant differences so that h…
