Thermodynamic multi-component solution solidification approach to liquid-to-glass transition is proposed and actual mechanisms underlying vitrification, other than viscous slowdown, are identified. Due to polydisperse aggregation in liquid state, glass-forming liquids, irrespective of chemical composition, appear to be mixtures of various quasi-components whose thermodynamic quantities shall be expressed not in terms of molar concentrations of actual chemical components, but in terms of relative concentrations of dominant structural units. Thermodynamically, any glass-former is expected to behave as multi-component solution and solidify in continuous temperature range between apparent liquidus and solidus temperatures that can be identified as glass-transition range. Using extended irreversible thermodynamics of polydisperse solutions it is demonstrated that upon quenching, diffusional and Brownian mass transport in such solutions is negated within heat removal timescale, which results in dynamical arrest of nucleation and growth in clusters and solid-liquid phase separation. Rapid solution solidification proceeds via successive cluster freezing in continuous temperature range, in line with cluster size dispersity, which can be described in terms of percolation in static polydisperse fractal ensemble where glass transition temperature naturally emerges as percolation threshold. Multi-component solution solidification framework is shown to be reconcilable qualitatively and quantitatively with the Mode Coupling - Random First Order Transition scenario. Finally, it is demonstrated that liquid-to-glass transformation is thermodynamic liquid-to-solid phase transition, glassy state of matter appears to be solid supersaturated solution of defects in otherwise perfect matrix, and the true equilibrium structure which glass is unable access is a crystalline one.
Magnetic glass in Shape Memory Alloy : Ni45Co5Mn38Sn12
铁磁记忆合金Ni 45 Co 5 Mn 38 Sn 12中的一级马氏体相变也是一种磁相变，并且具有很大的场致效应。当在磁场存在下冷却时，这种一级磁性马氏体转变在动力学上被阻止。取决于冷却场，被捕的铁磁性奥氏体相的一部分持续到最低温度作为磁性玻璃态，类似于在各种金属间合金和半掺杂锰氧化物中观察到的。通过磁化强度测量，详细研究了一级铁磁奥氏体（FM-A）向低磁化马氏体（LM-M）转变的温度和磁场函数。广泛的冷却和加热不等场（CHUF）测量和一种新的场冷却协议的等温MH测量（FC-MH）被用来调查玻璃状逮捕状态，并显示逆马氏体转变。最后，我们确定了场-温度（HT）相图的Ni 45 Co 5 Mn 38 Sn 12从各种磁化测量带来了热力学和亚稳态共存的HT空间清楚地描绘这个系统作为一个'磁性玻璃'的区域。
Neutron diffraction evidence for kinetic arrest of the first-order austenite to martensite transition in Ni37Co11Mn42.5Sn9.5
中子衍射测量，在外部磁场的存在下进行，已被用来显示的动力学逮捕的一级相变从高温奥氏体相到低温马氏体相的磁性记忆合金Ni 37 Co 11 Mn 42.5 Sn 9.5和玻璃状逮捕状态（GLAS）的形成的结构证据。利用CHUF（cooling and heating under equal fields）方法建立了中子衍射图中GLAS亚稳态和平衡态的相共存关系。我们还探讨了该组合物的场-温度（H，T）相图，该相图描绘了动力学停滞线TK（H）。TK随着H的增加而增加。
Neutron diffraction evidence for kinetic arrest of first-order magneto-structural phase transitions in some functional magnetic materials
在外加磁场下进行的中子衍射测量已被用于显示磁性记忆合金Ni 37 Co 11 Mn 42.5 Sn 9.5中从高温奥氏体相到低温马氏体相的一级相变的动力学停滞的结构证据，（ii）在半掺杂电荷有序化合物La0.5Ca0.5MnO3中从高温铁磁相转变为低温反铁磁相;（iii）形成玻璃状的阻滞态（GLAS）。CHUF（cooling and heating under equal fields）协议已被用于建立GLAS的亚稳态和平衡态的相共存，并在中子衍射图中证明了被捕获的亚稳态的失透。我们还探讨了这两种化合物的场-温度（H，T）相图，它描绘了动力学逮捕线TK（H）。TK随着H的增加而增加。
Ramakrishna Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute（拉马克里希纳·维韦卡南达教育与研究机构）；Indian Institute of Technology Bombay（孟买印度理工学院）；UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research（UGC-DAE科学研究联盟）
