Maria Chamizo Llatas, Sridhara Dasu, Ulrich Heintz, Emilio A. Nanni, John Power, Stephen Wagner
A summary of the Snowmass 2021 e$^+$e$^-$-Collider Forum discussions, white papers submitted to the Snowmass 2021 community study, submissions of the Energy Frontier (EF) subgroups and the Accelerator Frontier (AF) Integrated Task Force (ITF) are presented.
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Linear Collider Physics Resource Book for Snowmass 2001 - Part 1: Introduction
这本资料书回顾了下一代e+e-线性对撞机的物理机会，并讨论了实验计划的选择。第1部分包含目录和介绍，并给出了一个500 GeV的线性对撞机的情况下的总结。
Linear Collider Physics Resource Book for Snowmass 2001 - Part 2: Higgs and Supersymmetry Studies
这本资料书回顾了下一代e+e-线性对撞机的物理机会，并讨论了实验计划的选择。第2部分回顾了可以在线性对撞机上进行的关于希格斯玻色子和超对称粒子的可能实验。
A Comparison of Future Proton Colliders Using SUSY Simplified Models: A Snowmass Whitepaper
我们提出了一个总结的结果超对称简化模型搜索在未来的质子对撞机：14 TeV的LHC以及33 TeV的质子对撞机和100 TeV的质子对撞机。给出了胶子-中性伴子（轻味衰变和重味衰变）、方-中性伴子和胶子-方简化模型面的上限和发现意义。用Snowmass组合探测器处理事件，并使用Snowmass样本计算标准模型背景。我们把重点放在不同的对撞机方案之间的比较，随着经验教训的影响，系统误差和堆积。更多的细节在配套文件中提供。
This report summarizes the findings of the AF5 Topical Subgroup to Snowmass 2021, which investigated accelerators for rare processes and physics beyond colliders. The report focuses primarily on opportunities for dark sector searches and the need for coordinated development of the Fermilab experimental program for PIP-II and beyond. In addition, a number of other physics opportunities are cataloged and suggestions for synergistic R & D opportunities with various areas of technological development are discussed.
Calorimeters will provide critical measurements at future collider detectors. As the traditional challenge of high dynamic range, high precision, and high readout rates for signal amplitudes is compounded by increasing granularity and precision timing the readout systems will become increasingly complex. This white paper reviews the challenges and opportunities in calorimeter readout at future collider detectors.
Linear Collider Physics Resource Book for Snowmass 2001 - Part 3: Studies of Exotic and Standard Model Physics
这本资料书回顾了下一代e+e-线性对撞机的物理机会，并讨论了实验计划的选择。第三部分回顾了在线性对撞机上可能进行的强耦合电弱对称破缺、奇异粒子和额外维度以及顶夸克、QCD和双光子物理的实验。它还讨论了改进的精度电弱测量，这对撞机将提供。
Young Physicists' Forum
青年物理学家论坛为粒子物理学界的年轻成员提供了一个机会，让他们聚集在2001年斯诺马斯大会上，研究和讨论该领域在未来20年面临的重大问题。讨论围绕三个主要议题进行：外联和教育、全球化的影响以及建立一个强大而平衡的领域。我们在2001年7月17日报告了这些讨论的结果。
Report of Snowmass 2001 Working Group E2 : Electron-positron Colliders from the $ϕ$ to the Z
我们报告了在能量介于$ϕ$和Z之间的正负电子对撞机上正在进行或计划进行的实验的现状和计划。我们考虑的$e^{+}e^{-}$ B和charm工厂是PEP-II/BABAR、KEKB/Belle、superKEK、SuperBABAR和CESR-c/CLEO-c。我们回顾了弗拉斯卡蒂的$ϕ$工厂和斯坦福直线加速器中心的PEP-N设施的计划。我们研究了与TESLA高能直线对撞机相关的专用直线对撞机Z工厂的B物理前景。在所有情况下，我们比较了这些设施的物理范围与强子对撞机或固定目标设施的替代实验。
Linear Collider Physics Resource Book for Snowmass 2001 - Part 4: Theoretical, Accelerator, and Experimental Options
这本资料书回顾了下一代电子+电子线性对撞机的物理机会，并讨论了实验计划的选择。第4部分讨论了线性对撞机程序的选项，在许多层次上。首先，它提出了一个广泛的审查物理学超越标准模型，指出如何线性对撞机是相关的每一个可能的途径。接下来，它调查加速器和实验计划的选项，包括运行方案的问题，一个或两个相互作用区域的问题，以及正电子极化，光子-光子碰撞和电子-电子碰撞的选项。最后，它回顾了直线对撞机的探测器设计问题，并提出了三种可能的探测器设计。
Heavy Higgs Scalars at Future Hadron Colliders (A Snowmass Whitepaper)
我们调查的前景，发现或排除额外的希格斯标量在14 TeV和33 TeV的LHC的理论与两个希格斯双峰的背景下。我们主要研究强子对撞机上产生率最大的模式，即重CP偶标量H和重CP奇赝标量A的胶子聚变产生。我们考虑衰变道H到ZZ到4l的灵敏度，以及A到Zh，其中Z到ll，h到bb或h到τ的灵敏度。
Exotic Higgs Decay h to 2a at the International Linear Collider: a Snowmass White Paper
像国际直线对撞机（ILC）这样的希格斯工厂可以在寻找希格斯玻色子玻色子的奇异衰变中发挥重要作用。作为一个例子，我们研究了次最小超对称标准模型（NMSSM）中衰变拓扑$h\to a_1 a_1 \to τ\bar ττ\bar τ$的ILC灵敏度。在这里，$h$可以是类似标准模型的，也可以是非标准的，而$a_{1}$是最轻的CP奇希格斯玻色子。我们还将结果与LHC对该通道的预期进行了比较。
Theoretical research has long played an essential role in interpreting data from high-energy particle colliders and motivating new accelerators to advance the energy and precision frontiers. Collider phenomenology is an essential interface between theoretical models and experimental observations, since theoretical studies inspire experimental analyses while experimental results sharpen theoretical ideas. This report -- from the Snowmass 2021 Theory Frontier topical group for Collider Phenomenology (TF07) -- showcases the dynamism, engagement, and motivations of collider phenomenologists by exp…
In 2020-2022, extensive discussions and deliberations have taken place in corresponding topical working groups of the Snowmass Accelerator Frontier (AF) and in numerous joint meetings with other Frontiers, Snowmass-wide meetings, a series of Colloquium-style Agoras, cross-Frontier Forums on muon and electron-positron colliders and the collider Implementation Task Force (ITF). The outcomes of these activities are summarized in this Accelerator Frontier report.
Comments on photon colliders for Snowmass 2013
30多年来，伽马-伽马和伽马-电子光子对撞机一直被认为是e+e线性对撞机项目的自然补充。在最近发现希格斯玻色子之后，物理学界一直在积极考虑各种建造希格斯工厂的方法，光子对撞机（有或没有e+e-）就是其中之一。在本文中，在简要讨论了基于ILC和CLIC的光子对撞机之后，我对最近提出的没有e+e碰撞选项的光子对撞机Higgs工厂进行了评论性的概述。
Report of the Snowmass 2021 Collider Implementation Task Force
Snowmass 2021实施任务组制定统一度量标准，从性能、技术成熟度、进度、成本与环境影响等方面系统评估了从希格斯工厂到多TeV对撞机的未来加速器项目。
In this Snowmass white paper, we describe how unitarity bounds can convert sensitivities for Higgs couplings at future colliders into sensitivities to the scale of new physics. This gives a model-independent consequence of improving these sensitivities and illustrate the impact they would have on constraining new physics. Drawing upon past successful applications of unitarity as a guide for future colliders (e.g. the Higgs mass bound and discovering it at the LHC), we hope this data will be useful in the planning for next generation colliders.
Muon Collider Higgs Factory for Snowmass 2013
我们提出了建设，并详细描述，一个紧凑的μ子对撞机s通道希格斯工厂。
Physics and Technology of the Next Linear Collider: A Report Submitted to Snowmass '96
本文介绍了质心能量为500 GeV - 1 TeV的e+e直线对撞机的设计和物理计划。我们回顾了将在该设施进行的实验，并展示了其在探索物理学超越标准模型的全方位理论可能性的关键作用。然后，我们显示了构建这台机器的可行性，通过审查线性对撞机技术的现状，并提出了我们的“零阶”设计的概要。
Collider signatures of low scale supersymmetry breaking: A Snowmass 2013 White Paper
我们认为，超对称性是在低尺度打破的可能性，在一个数量级以上的TeV规模。在这种情况下，与自发破缺超对称性相关的自由度，即戈德斯坦费米子及其标量超伴子（斯戈德斯坦），可以与标准模型粒子及其超伴子产生显著的相互作用。我们讨论了一些特征过程，涉及goldstino和sgoldstino，以及它们产生的对撞机签名。这些特征涉及双光子，双喷流，双玻色子和双τ通道中的标量共振，这些共振和希格斯耦合中的偏差之间的可能关系，以及奇异希格斯衰变中的双光子+MET和四光子通道。
Methods and Results for Standard Model Event Generation at $\sqrt{s}$ = 14 TeV, 33 TeV and 100 TeV Proton Colliders (A Snowmass Whitepaper)
本文描述了用于模拟未来强子对撞机的常见Snowmass 2013能量前沿标准模型背景的新技术。许多能源前沿研究的目的是探索在各种高能对撞机的高光度数据集的范围。使用未加权事件生成策略不可能生成针对多个质心能量和堆积环境精确地模拟大的积分亮度的高统计样本-依赖于事件加权的方法是必要的。即使在效率上有了这些改进，也需要大量的计算资源。本文档描述了使用Madgraph 5生成部分子级过程的事件生成的具体方法，然后使用Pythia 6进行部分子淋浴和强子化，并使用Delphes 3进行堆积和检测器模拟。在$\sqrt(s)$ = 14、33和100 TeV的pp相互作用以及0、50和140个额外堆积相互作用的大多数标准模型过程是公开可用的。
In this white paper for the 2021 Snowmass process, we give a description of the proposed Future Circular Collider (FCC) project and its physics program. The paper summarizes and updates the discussion submitted to the European Strategy on Particle Physics. After construction of an approximately 90 km tunnel, an electron-positron collider based on established technologies allows world-record instantaneous luminosities at center-of-mass energies from the Z resonance up to tt thresholds, enabling a rich set of fundamental measurements including Higgs couplings determinations at the sub percent le…
The weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) have been the most popular particle dark matter (DM) candidate for the last several decades, and it is well known that WIMP can be probed via the direct, indirect and collider experiments. However, the direct and indirect signals are highly suppressed in some scalar-mediated DM models, e.g. the lepton portal model with a Majorana DM candidate. As a result, collider searches are considered as the only hope to probe such models. In this white paper, we propose that the gravitational wave (GW) astronomy also serves as a powerful tool to probe such …
To aid contributions to the Snowmass 2021 US Community Study on physics at the International Linear Collider and other proposed $e^+e^-$ colliders, we present a list of study questions that could be the basis of useful Snowmass projects. We accompany this with links to references and resources on $e^+e^-$ physics, and a description of a new software framework that we are preparing for $e^+e^-$ studies at Snowmass.
In this white paper for the Snowmass '21 community planning exercise we provide quantitative prospects for bottom quark mass measurements in high-energy collisions at future colliders that can provide a precise test of the scale evolution, or "running" of quark masses predicted by QCD.
Reach in All Hadronic Stop Decays: A Snowmass White Paper
我们研究了发现衰变到顶部和轻中性伴子的停止的前景。我们认为完全强子衰变的顶部，并提出了一个估计的范围在未来的各种对撞机运行。我们的结果总结在表1中。
Planning the Future of U.S. Particle Physics (Snowmass 2013): Chapter 6: Accelerator Capabilities
这些报告介绍了APS粒子和场分部2013年社区夏季研究的结果（“Snowmass 2013”）关于美国粒子物理学未来计划的第6章，关于加速器能力，讨论了加速器技术的未来进展，包括高能强子和轻子对撞机，高强度束，电子离子对撞机，以及未来加速器技术的必要研发。
The Higgs boson trilinear and quartic self-couplings are directly related to the shape of the Higgs potential; measuring them with precision is extremely important, as they provide invaluable information on the electroweak symmetry breaking and the electroweak phase transition. In this paper, we perform a detailed analysis of double Higgs boson production, through the gluon gluon fusion process, in the most promising decay channels di-bottom-quark di-photons, di-bottom-quark di-tau, and four-bottom-quark for several future colliders: the HL-LHC at 14 TeV and the FCC-hh at 100 TeV, assuming res…
In this whitepaper, we consider the model of heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) as an example to explore the potential of new physics searches at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). We propose two broad categories of search strategies depending on the HNL lifetime: direct searches for the prompt decay of HNLs with a short lifetime and displaced vertex searches for long-lived ones. After identifying the most promising signals and the corresponding backgrounds, we perform a detailed simulation to estimate the sensitivity of the EIC to HNLs, accounting for detector thresholds, resolutions, and geometric a…
Executive Summary of the Snowmass 2001 Working Group (P1) ``Electroweak Symmetry Breaking''
在2001年Snowmass电弱对称性破缺工作组的总结报告中，综述了电弱对称性破缺理论的主要候选者，并讨论了区分不同方法的标准。描述了在升级后的Tevatron和LHC上观测电弱对称性破缺现象的可能性。我们强调的重要性，高光度$e^+e^-$线性对撞机的精确测量，以澄清潜在的电弱对称性破缺动力学。最后，我们注意到$μ^+μ^-$对撞机和VLHC进一步阐明电弱对称性破缺物理的可能作用。
This document describes the simulation framework used in the Snowmass Energy Frontier studies for future Hadron Colliders. An overview of event generation with {\sc Madgraph}5 along with parton shower and hadronization with {\sc Pythia}6 is followed by a detailed description of pile-up and detector simulation with {\sc Delphes}3. Details of event generation are included in a companion paper cited within this paper. The input parametrization is chosen to reflect the best object performance expected from the future ATLAS and CMS experiments; this is referred to as the "Combined Snowmass Detector…
Over the last 20+ years, experimentalists have presented tantalizing hints of physics beyond the standard model, but nothing definitive. With the wealth of data from experiments, in particular the collider experiments, it is imperative that the community leave no reasonable model untested and no search unsought. Open datasets from particle physics experiments provide a relatively new and exciting opportunity to extend the reach of these searches by bringing in additional personpower in the form of the theory community. Analysis of these datasets also provides the opportunity for an increased i…
In our recent paper, we have investigated the potential for the LHC to discover vector-like quark partner states singly produced via their chromomagnetic moment interactions. These production mechanisms extend traditional searches which rely on pair-production of top-quark partner states or on the single production of these states through electroweak interactions, in the sense of providing greatly increased reach in parameter space regions where traditional searches are insensitive. In this study we determine the potential of both the 14 TeV high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and a 100 TeV proton-pr…
We investigate the sensitivity to long-lived dark photons produced in Higgstrahlung events via the Higgs portal, $H \rightarrow γ_{D} γ_{D}$, with the Silicon Detector (SiD) at the International Linear Collider (ILC). These events provide a useful benchmark for tracking and vertex detector performance with long-lived particle decays at displaced vertices. The ILC is one of several Higgs factories proposed by the international community to study the properties of the Higgs boson at high precision.
Higgs Working Group Report of the Snowmass 2013 Community Planning Study
本报告总结了2013年社区夏季研究（Snowmass）的能量前沿希格斯玻色子工作组的工作。我们确定了一个精确的希格斯粒子物理程序的关键要素，并记录了未来实验设施的物理潜力，如在斯诺马斯研究中所阐明的。我们研究希格斯耦合规范玻色子和费米子对，双希格斯生产的希格斯自耦合，它的量子数和$CP$ -混合希格斯耦合，希格斯质量和总宽度，并直接搜索额外的希格斯玻色子的标准模型的扩展前景。我们的报告包括对紧凑型线性对撞机（CLIC）、伽马-伽马对撞机、国际线性对撞机（ILC）、大型强子对撞机高亮度升级（HL-LHC）、高达100 TeV的超大型强子对撞机（VLHC）、μ子对撞机和三大电子正电子对撞机（TLEP）的详细研究的测量能力预测。
The substantial increase in data volume and complexity expected from future experiments will require significant investment to prepare experimental algorithms. These algorithms include physics object reconstruction, calibrations, and processing of observational data. In addition, the changing computing architecture landscape, which will be primarily composed of heterogeneous resources, will continue to pose major challenges with regard to algorithmic migration. Portable tools need to be developed that can be shared among the frontiers (e.g., for code execution on different platforms) and oppor…
Report of the 2005 Snowmass Top/QCD Working Group
本文讨论了国际直线对撞机（ILC）上的顶夸克物理和QCD的几个问题。在$t\bar{t}$阈值的测量，包括理论和机器的要求，并确定电弱顶夸克耦合的问题，进行审查。本文介绍了在500 GeV $e^+e^-$对撞机上测量$Wtb$耦合和顶夸克汤川耦合的新结果。本文综述了ILC对喷流产生截面、重夸克形状因子和纵向规范玻色子散射的高阶QCD修正的现状。本文介绍了在$γγ$对撞机上测量光子强子结构的新研究。研究了几种新物理模型，包括复合模型、小希格斯理论和CPT破坏对顶夸克性质的影响。
We reiterate that there is significant complementarity between low-energy experiments and high-energy colliders in exploring new physics associated with neutrino properties and their mass generation mechanisms. Signals of the new physics in the two energy regimes may be correlated with each other from the same underlying dynamics. We demonstrate the complementary nature by presenting the physics reaches for the Seesaw models of Type I, II and III, and for general neutrino interactions in an effective field theory framework, and in a $Z'$ model.
Summary of Discussion Question 4: Energy Expandability of a Linear Collider
我们报告了斯诺马斯工作组E3小组1（“TeV级”）的讨论问题4：“实验方法：线性对撞机”，该问题涉及线性对撞机的能量扩展性。我们首先综合讨论的能量达到的硬件的500 GeV的TESLA和NLC/JLC的设计。接下来，我们将审查将能量增加到800-1000 GeV的计划。然后，我们看看选项扩展到1500 GeV的能量和草图的双束加速器的方法来实现多TeV的能量。
We show prospects on a search for invisible decays of a Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). This search is performed on a Higgs boson produced in association with a Z boson. We expect that the branching ratio of 17-22% (6-14%) could be excluded at 95% confidence level with 300 fb^{-1} (3000 fb^{-1}) of data at sqrt(s)=14 TeV. The range indicates different assumptions on the control of systematic uncertainties. Interpretations with Higgs-portal dark matter models are also considered.
The search for CP violation in interactions of the Higgs boson with either fermions or bosons provides attractive reference measurements in the Particle Physics Community Planning Exercise (a.k.a. "Snowmass"). Benchmark measurements of CP violation provide a limited and well-defined set of parameters that could be tested at the proton, electron-positron, photon, and muon colliders, and compared to those achieved through study of virtual effects in electric dipole moment measurements. We review the current status of these CP-sensitive studies and provide projections to future measurements.
While the long-term vision of the advanced accelerator community is aimed at addressing the challenges of future collider technology, it is critical that the community takes advantage of the opportunity to make large societal impact through its near-term applications. In turn, enabling robust applications strengthens the quality, control, and reliability of the underlying accelerator infrastructure. The white paper contributions that are solicited here will summarize the near-term applications ideas presented by the advanced accelerator community, assessing their potential impact, discussing s…
Statement from the American Linear Collider Committee to the P5 subpanel
美国直线对撞机委员会致P5小组的声明总结了$e^+e^-$ Higgs工厂的论证，强调ILC的特殊优势，并敦促P5将其作为全球项目推进。
Physics at the CLIC e+e- Linear Collider -- Input to the Snowmass process 2013
本文概述了CLIC高能e+e-直线对撞机的物理势。它为希格斯玻色子（HE 1），电弱相互作用的精确研究（HE 2），完全理解顶夸克（HE 3）以及超越标准模型的道路-新粒子，力和尺寸（HE 4）的能源前沿工作组的Snowmass 2013进程提供输入。它还附有一篇描述CLIC加速器研究的论文，该论文已提交给Snowmass过程的Frontier Capabilities小组。
We first review the decade-old, broad collider physics research program dubbed energy-peaks. We consider the energy distribution of a massless particle in the lab frame arising from the two-body decay of a heavy particle produced unpolarized, whose boost distribution is arbitrary. Remarkably, the location of the peak of this child particle's energy distribution is identical to its single-valued energy in the rest frame of the parent, which is a function of the parent's mass and that of the other decay product. We summarize generalizations to other types of decay and a variety of applications t…
This report, as part of the 2021 Snowmass Process, summarizes the current status of collider physics at the Energy Frontier, the broad and exciting future prospects identified for the Energy Frontier, the challenges and needs of future experiments, and indicates high priority research areas.
Planning the Future of U.S. Particle Physics (Snowmass 2013): Chapter 3: Energy Frontier
这些报告介绍了2013年APS粒子和场部社区夏季研究（“Snowmass 2013”）的结果，该研究涉及美国粒子物理学的未来计划。这一领域包括希格斯玻色子、电弱相互作用和强相互作用以及顶夸克的实验。它还包括直接寻找新粒子和高能相互作用。
Exciting proposals for a new Higgs factory collider, aimed at the search for new physics and precision studies of particles and forces, especially measurement of the Higgs boson couplings at the loop level, will be evaluated as part of the Snowmass process. Potential facilities include (among others) ILC, FCC-ee, C3, CEPC, CLIC, muon collider and advanced accelerator concepts being investigated by Snowmass topical group AF6, potentially located in Asia, Europe, or the United States. The European Strategy has endorsed an electron-positron Higgs factory as its highest priority after HL-LHC. Much…
Muon Collider Forum Report
报告总结了Snowmass跨前沿μ子对撞机论坛的成果，阐述多TeV级μ子对撞机兼具高能与精密测量潜力的独特优势，并涵盖物理、加速器和探测器研发进展。
In this note, as an input to the Snowmass studies, we provide a broad-brush picture of the physics output of future colliders as a function of their center of mass energies and luminosities. Instead of relying on precise projections of physics reaches, which are lacking in many cases, we mainly focused on simple benchmarks of physics yields, such as the number of Higgs boson produced. More detailed considerations for lepton colliders are given since there have been various recent proposals. A brief summary for hadron colliders based on a simple scaling estimate of the physics reaches is also i…
This report summarizes the work of the Energy Frontier Topical Group on EW Physics: Heavy flavor and top quark physics (EF03) of the 2021 Community Summer Study (Snowmass). It aims to highlight the physics potential of top-quark studies and heavy-flavor production processes (bottom and charm) at the HL-LHC and possible future hadron and lepton colliders and running scenarios.
Snowmass 2021 whitepaper: Proton structure at the precision frontier
本白皮书探讨了高精度部分子分布函数（PDFs）的确定现状与未来前景，指出通过实验、QCD理论、全局分析与计算的进展，将核子非极化PDFs提升至N2LO和N3LO精度，并强调实验与理论的协同及机器学习的应用。
Tracking detectors are of vital importance for collider-based high energy physics (HEP) experiments. The primary purpose of tracking detectors is the precise reconstruction of charged particle trajectories and the reconstruction of secondary vertices. The performance requirements from the community posed by the future collider experiments require an evolution of tracking systems, necessitating the development of new techniques, materials and technologies in order to fully exploit their physics potential. In this article we summarize the discussions and conclusions of the 2022 Snowmass Instrume…
Detector instrumentation is at the heart of scientific discoveries. Cutting edge technologies enable US particle physics to play a leading role worldwide. This report summarizes the current status of instrumentation for High Energy Physics (HEP), the challenges and needs of future experiments and indicates high priority research areas. The Snowmass Instrumentation Frontier studies detector technologies and Research and Development (R&D) needed for future experiments in collider physics, neutrino physics, rare and precision physics and at the cosmic frontier. It is divided into more or less dia…
Electroweak and Flavor Dynamics at Hadron Colliders--II
这是两份报告中的第二份，它们对$\pbarp$和$pp$对撞机上的电弱动力学和味动力学的主要特征进行了编目。在这里，我们完成了我们的概述与特色的讨论，具体到顶色辅助特色签名。我们还回顾了与夸克和轻子结构相关的味动力学签名。对于具有高$E_T$和高不变质量的双喷射体和双轻子，这些都发生在过量的产生率中。这些过程的一个重要特征是它们呈现出相当集中的角分布和快度分布。本报告将发表在1996年DPF/DPB夏季高能物理新方向研究论文集（Snowmass 96）上。
Electron Ion Collider (EIC) is a particle accelerator facility planned for construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory on Long Island, New York by the United States Department of Energy. EIC will provide capabilities of colliding beams of polarized electrons with polarized beams of proton and light ions. EIC will be one of the largest and most sophisticated new accelerator facilities worldwide, and the only new large-scale accelerator facility planned for construction in the United States in the next few decades. The versatility, resolving power and intensity of EIC will present many new op…
This report was prepared on behalf of three Energy Frontier Topical Groups of the Snowmass 2021 Community Planning Exercise. It summarizes the status and implications of studies of strong interactions in high-energy experiments and QCD theory. We emphasize the rich landscape and broad impact of these studies in the decade ahead. Hadronic interactions play a central role in the high-luminosity Large Hadron Collider (LHC) physics program, and strong synergies exist between the (HL-)LHC and planned or proposed experiments at the U.S. Electron-Ion Collider, CERN forward physics experiments, high-i…
The baryon asymmetry of the Universe is one of the central motivations to expect physics beyond the Standard Model. In this Snowmass white paper, we review the challenges and opportunities in testing some of the central paradigms that predict physics at scales low enough to expect new experimental data in the next decade. Focusing on theoretical ideas and some of their experimental implications, in particular, we discuss neutron-antineutron transformations, flavor observables, next generation colliders, future neutron facilities, gravitational waves, searches for permanent electric dipole mome…
This Snowmass 2021 contributed paper discusses a Higgs-Energy LEptoN (HELEN) $e^+e^-$ linear collider based on advances superconducting radio frequency technology. The proposed collider offers cost and AC power savings, smaller footprint (relative to the ILC), and could be built at Fermilab with an Interaction Region within the site boundaries. After the initial physics run at 250 GeV, the collider could be upgraded either to higher luminosity or to higher (up to 500 GeV) energies. If the ILC could not be realized in Japan in a timely fashion, the HELEN collider would be a viable option to bui…
Electroweak and Flavor Dynamics at Hadron Colliders--I
这是两份报告中的第一份，这两份报告对$\pbarp$和$pp$对撞机上的电弱动力学和味动力学的主要特征进行了编目。在这里，我们讨论一些动力学电弱和味对称性破缺的签名。我们假设动力学对称性破缺的框架是一个具有行走耦合$α_{TC}$和扩展的Technicolor的Technicolor。讨论的反应主要发生在子过程能量$\sqrt{\hat s} \simle 1 TeV$。它们包括产生色单重态和八重态technirhos，以及它们衰变成成对的technions、纵向弱玻色子或喷流。反过来，Technipions主要衰变为重费米子。本报告将发表在1996年DPF/DPB夏季高能物理新方向研究论文集（Snowmass 96）上。
In this White Paper for the 2021 Snowmass process, we discuss aspects of precision timing within electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeter systems for high-energy physics collider experiments. Areas of applications include particle identification, event and object reconstruction, and pileup mitigation. Two different system options are considered, namely cell-level timing capabilities covering the full detector volume, and dedicated timing layers integrated in calorimeter systems. A selection of technologies for the different approaches is also discussed.
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