In our recent paper, we have investigated the potential for the LHC to discover vector-like quark partner states singly produced via their chromomagnetic moment interactions. These production mechanisms extend traditional searches which rely on pair-production of top-quark partner states or on the single production of these states through electroweak interactions, in the sense of providing greatly increased reach in parameter space regions where traditional searches are insensitive. In this study we determine the potential of both the 14 TeV high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and a 100 TeV proton-proton collider to probe new vector-like quarks produced in this mode. We focus on the single production of a top-quark partner in association with an ordinary top-quark, as well as on the resonant production of the bottom-quark partner with its subsequent decay to a top-quark partner and a $W$ boson. For both cases we consider a top-partner decay to the Higgs boson and an ordinary top-quark. We find that HL-LHC and a future 100 TeV proton collider can probe vector-like partner masses up to about 3 TeV and 15-20 TeV respectively, visibly extending the range of the traditional vector like quark partner searches.
In this white paper for the Snowmass '21 community planning exercise we provide quantitative prospects for bottom quark mass measurements in high-energy collisions at future colliders that can provide a precise test of the scale evolution, or "running" of quark masses predicted by QCD.
We study the discovery prospects for stops which decay to a top and a light neutralino. We consider fully hadronic decays of the tops and present an estimate for the reach at various future collider runs. Our results are summarized in Table 1.
In this Snowmass white paper, we describe how unitarity bounds can convert sensitivities for Higgs couplings at future colliders into sensitivities to the scale of new physics. This gives a model-independent consequence of improving these sensitivities and illustrate the impact they would have on constraining new physics. Drawing upon past successful applications of unitarity as a guide for future colliders (e.g. the Higgs mass bound and discovering it at the LHC), we hope this data will be useful in the planning for next generation colliders.
We present a summary of results for SUSY Simplified Model searches at future proton colliders: the 14 TeV LHC as well as a 33 TeV proton collider and a 100 TeV proton collider. Upper limits and discovery significances are provided for the gluino-neutralino (for both light and heavy flavor decays), squark-neutralino, and gluino-squark Simplified Model planes. Events are processed with the Snowmass combined detector and Standard Model backgrounds are computed using the Snowmass samples. We place emphasis on comparisons between different collider scenarios, along with the lessons learned regardin…
We investigate the sensitivity to long-lived dark photons produced in Higgstrahlung events via the Higgs portal, $H \rightarrow γ_{D} γ_{D}$, with the Silicon Detector (SiD) at the International Linear Collider (ILC). These events provide a useful benchmark for tracking and vertex detector performance with long-lived particle decays at displaced vertices. The ILC is one of several Higgs factories proposed by the international community to study the properties of the Higgs boson at high precision.
We investigate the prospects for discovery or exclusion of additional Higgs scalars at the 14 TeV and 33 TeV LHC in the context of theories with two Higgs doublets. We focus on the modes with the largest production rates at hadron colliders, namely gluon fusion production of a heavy CP-even scalar H or a heavy CP-odd pseudoscalar A. We consider the sensitivity of the decay channels H to ZZ to 4l, and A to Zh with Z to ll and h to bb or h to tautau.
A Higgs factory like the International Linear Collider (ILC) can play a significant role in searching for exotic decays of Higgs bosons. As an illustration, we investigate the ILC sensitivity for the decay topology $h\to a_1 a_1 \to τ\bar ττ\bar τ$ in the Next-to-Minimal-Supersymmetric-Standard-Model (NMSSM). Here $h$ can be either Standard-Model-like or non-standard, and $a_{1}$ is the lightest CP-odd Higgs boson. We also compare results to expectations for this channel at the LHC.
We reiterate that there is significant complementarity between low-energy experiments and high-energy colliders in exploring new physics associated with neutrino properties and their mass generation mechanisms. Signals of the new physics in the two energy regimes may be correlated with each other from the same underlying dynamics. We demonstrate the complementary nature by presenting the physics reaches for the Seesaw models of Type I, II and III, and for general neutrino interactions in an effective field theory framework, and in a $Z'$ model.
The search for CP violation in interactions of the Higgs boson with either fermions or bosons provides attractive reference measurements in the Particle Physics Community Planning Exercise (a.k.a. "Snowmass"). Benchmark measurements of CP violation provide a limited and well-defined set of parameters that could be tested at the proton, electron-positron, photon, and muon colliders, and compared to those achieved through study of virtual effects in electric dipole moment measurements. We review the current status of these CP-sensitive studies and provide projections to future measurements.
We show prospects on a search for invisible decays of a Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). This search is performed on a Higgs boson produced in association with a Z boson. We expect that the branching ratio of 17-22% (6-14%) could be excluded at 95% confidence level with 300 fb^{-1} (3000 fb^{-1}) of data at sqrt(s)=14 TeV. The range indicates different assumptions on the control of systematic uncertainties. Interpretations with Higgs-portal dark matter models are also considered.
Charged lepton flavor violation has long been recognized as unambiguous signature of New Physics. Here we describe the physics capabilities and discovery potential of New Physics models with charged lepton flavor violation in the tau sector as its experimental signature. Current experimental status from the B-Factory experiments BaBar, Belle and Belle II, and future prospects at Super Tau Charm Factory, LHC, EIC and FCC-ee experiments to discover New Physics via charged lepton flavor violation in the tau sector are discussed in detail. Submitted to the Proceedings of the US Community Study on …
Dark matter can be part of a dark sector with non-minimal couplings to the Standard Model. Compared to many (minimal) benchmark models, such scenarios can result in significant modifications in experimental signatures and strongly impact experimental search sensitivity. In this white paper, we review several non-minimal dark sector models, including phenomenological consequences: models explaining $(g-2)_μ$, inelastic dark matter, strongly interacting massive particles as dark matter candidates, and axions with flavorful couplings. The present exclusions and projected experimental sensitivitie…
We sketch recent progress and promising future directions for research connected with the strong CP problem. Topics surveyed include axion dark matter substructure and its gravitational detection; axion model building and the quality problem; experimental tests of ultraviolet solutions; and connections to lattice QCD.
In this whitepaper, I give a short summary on possible channels of low-mass scenarios and their discovery potential at future $e^+e^-$ colliders. This is a summary of talks I recently gave at the CEPC workshop, FCC week and ECFA future collider workshop.
Neutrinos are one of the most promising messengers for signals of new physics Beyond the Standard Model (BSM). On the theoretical side, their elusive nature, combined with their unknown mass mechanism, seems to indicate that the neutrino sector is indeed opening a window to new physics. On the experimental side, several long-standing anomalies have been reported in the past decades, providing a strong motivation to thoroughly test the standard three-neutrino oscillation paradigm. In this Snowmass21 white paper, we explore the potential of current and future neutrino experiments to explore BSM …
We discuss ways to probe the origin of neutrino masses at the Energy and Intensity frontiers, in TeV-scale left-right seesaw models where small neutrino masses arise via type-I seesaw mechanism. We consider generic ('vanilla') version of such models as well as a version which leads to 'large' light-heavy neutrino mixing while keeping the neutrino masses small in a natural manner. We point out specific observable implications of these classes of models at the LHC as well as in searches for lepton flavor violating processes such as $μ\to eγ$ and $μ\to 3e$, and also in searches for lepton number …
We consider the possibility that supersymmetry is broken at a low scale, within one order of magnitude above the TeV scale. In such a case, the degrees of freedom associated with the spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry, the goldstino fermion and its scalar superpartner (the sgoldstino), can have significant interactions with the Standard Model particles and their superpartners. We discuss some characteristic processes, involving the goldstino and the sgoldstino, and the collider signatures they give rise to. These signatures involve scalar resonances in the di-photon, di-jet, di-boson and di…
We investigate the discovery potential of the top-quark charge asymmetry at the LHC in top-antitop production in association with a hard jet. In this process, the charge asymmetry can be accessed via two novel observables: the incline asymmetry, which probes the quark-antiquark channel, and the energy asymmetry, which gives access to the quark-gluon channel. At 8 TeV collision energy, the significance for both observables is statistically limited. With 14 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 50 inverse fb or more, an asymmetry of up to -12% can be observed with a statistical significance of mor…
We investigate the discovery potential of Kaluza-Klein gluons as a dijet resonance at hadron colliders with different center-of-mass energies, from 14 TeV to 33 TeV to 100 TeV. We also present the current bounds from dijet searches at UA2, Tevatron, and LHC.
This is the summary report of the Top Quark Kinematics working group prepared for Snowmass 2013. We survey the current state of theoretical predictions for top pair differential distributions, in both boosted and un-boosted regimes, and present an overview of uncertainties and prospects for top spin correlations. We study the prospects for measuring the inclusive SM top pair production asymmetry AFC at LHC 14 as a function of systematic error, and show that some improvement over current systematic uncertainties, as customarily handled, is required for observing a SM-size asymmetry. Cuts on top…
We assess the state of naturalness in high-energy physics and summarize recent approaches to the three major naturalness problems: the cosmological constant problem, the electroweak hierarchy problem, and the strong CP problem.
The production of top quark pairs in association with a hard gluon in $e^+e^-$ collisions at the NLC provides an opportunity to probe for anomalous $t\bar tg$ couplings, \eg, the chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments of the top. We demonstrate that an examination of the energy spectrum of the additional gluon jet can yield strong constraints on the size of these two anomalous couplings. The results are shown to be quite sensitive to the cut on the minimum gluon jet energy needed to remove events where the final state $b$-quark radiates strongly. The possibility of using additional observab…
I investigate the sensitivity of future hadron colliders to di-jet resonances arising from Z' or coloron models. The projected discovery potential and exclusion limits for these resonances is presented in the coupling vs. mass plane, which highlights both the increased mass reach from higher energy machines as well as the improved coupling sensivity from larger luminosity.
I detail an optimistic future vision for the use of SMEFT at high-energy colliders, and describe the use of the studies which could result for interpretation of future models. I also explore some of the potential pitfalls which could significantly degrade the utility of those results and discuss approaches to avoid them and ensure that results are actually accurate when applied to new models.
We make some educated guesses for the extrapolations of typical soft-inclusive (minimum-bias, pileup, underlying-event) observables to proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energies in the range 13 - 100 TeV. The numbers should be interpreted with (at least) a 10% uncertainty.
Neutrino masses are clear evidence for physics beyond the standard model and much more remains to be understood about the neutrino sector. We highlight some of the outstanding questions and research opportunities in neutrino theory. We show that most of these questions are directly connected to the very rich experimental program currently being pursued (or at least under serious consideration) in the United States and worldwide. Finally, we also comment on the state of the theoretical neutrino physics community in the U.S.
Two models that extend the particle content of the SM and provide dark matter candidates, namely the Inert Doublet Model and the Two-Higgs Doublet model with additional pseudoscalar, are confronted with current experimental and theoretical constraints and predictions for production cross sections for various standard pair-production modes within these models at future lepton colliders are presented.
Dark matter particles can be observably produced at intensity-frontier experiments, and opportunities in the next decade will explore important parameter space motivated by thermal DM models, the dark sector paradigm, and anomalies in data. This whitepaper describes the motivations, detection strategies, prospects and challenges for such searches, as well as synergies and complementarity both within RF6 and across HEP.
Top quarks are a prime system for hunting for new physics. Nonetheless, two decades on from their discovery few of their couplings have been measured to high precision. We present an overview of current determinations and the expected sensitivities with 300 fb-1 and 3000 fb-1 of 14 TeV LHC data. In addition to direct limits on the top quark's renormalizable couplings to Standard Model bosons, we also explore what bounds can be set on the coefficients of higher-dimension operators, taking particular four-fermion operators that do not interfere with QCD as a test case. Every coupling we consider…
This document describes the novel techniques used to simulate the common Snowmass 2013 Energy Frontier Standard Model backgrounds for future hadron colliders. The purpose of many Energy Frontier studies is to explore the reach of high luminosity data sets at a variety of high energy colliders. The generation of high statistics samples which accurately model large integrated luminosities for multiple center-of-mass energies and pile-up environments is not possible using an unweighted event generation strategy -- an approach which relies on event weighting was necessary. Even with these improvem…
In this contribution to the 2021 Snowmass community planning exercise that informs the American strategy for particle physics, we present the prospects for measurements of the top-quark couplings at future colliders. Projections are presented for the high luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider and a future Higgs/electroweak/top factory electron-positron collider. Results are presented for the expected bounds on Wilson coefficients of the relevant SMEFT operators from a global fit to the top physics sector.
In this white paper for the Snowmass process, we summarize the role flavor model building plays in the quest for new physics. We review approaches to address the non-generic flavor structure of the Standard Model and discuss how new physics models can be made compatible with the stringent constraints from flavor changing processes that indirectly probe very high scales. We also give an overview of the persistent anomalies in B decays and the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon and some of their most popular new physics explanations.
We make a systematic and comparative study for the LHC and ILC for the electroweakino searches in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. We adopt a general bottom-up approach and scan over the parameter regions for all the three cases of the lightest supersymmetric particle being Bino-, Wino-, and Higgsino-like. The electroweakino signal from pair production and subsequent decay to Wh (h to b\bar b) final state may yield a sensitivity of 95% C.L. exclusion (5sigma discovery) to the mass scale M_2, mu ~ 250-400 GeV (200-250 GeV) at the 14 TeV LHC with an luminosity of 300 fb^{-1}. Combining…
Extra neutral gauge bosons are a feature of many models of physics beyond the standard model (BSM) and their discovery could possibly be the first evidence for new physics. In this Snowmass white paper we compare the discovery reach of the high energy hadron colliders considered by the Snowmass study for a broad range of BSM models. It is expected that the LHC should be able to see evidence for a Z' arising from a large variety of BSM models up to a mass of ~5 TeV when the LHC reaches its design energy and luminosity, and up to ~6 TeV with the high luminosity upgrade. Further into the future, …
The precision measurement of the W boson mass is an important milestone for the LHC physics program in the coming years. An accurate measurement of $M_W$ allows to perform stringent consistency tests of the Standard Model by means of global electroweak fits, which in turn are sensitive to New Physics at scales potentially higher than the ones explored in direct searches. From the theoretical point of view, our limited knowledge of PDFs will be one of the dominant sources of uncertainty in ongoing and future LHC determinations of $M_W$. In this whitepaper, we have quantified the impact of PDF u…
In this whitepaper, we consider the model of heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) as an example to explore the potential of new physics searches at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). We propose two broad categories of search strategies depending on the HNL lifetime: direct searches for the prompt decay of HNLs with a short lifetime and displaced vertex searches for long-lived ones. After identifying the most promising signals and the corresponding backgrounds, we perform a detailed simulation to estimate the sensitivity of the EIC to HNLs, accounting for detector thresholds, resolutions, and geometric a…
In this white paper for the Snowmass process, we discuss the prospects of probing new physics explanations of the persistent rare $B$ decay anomalies with a muon collider. If the anomalies are indirect signs of heavy new physics, non-standard rates for $μ^+ μ^- \to b s$ production should be observed with high significance at a muon collider with center of mass energy of $\sqrt{s} = 10$ TeV. The forward-backward asymmetry of the $b$-jet provides diagnostics of the chirality structure of the new physics couplings. In the absence of a signal, $μ^+ μ^- \to b s$ can indirectly probe new physics sca…
We highlight the need for the development of comprehensive amplitude analysis methods to further our understanding of hadron spectroscopy. Reaction amplitudes constrained by first principles of $S$-matrix theory and by QCD phenomenology are needed to extract robust interpretations of the data from experiments and from lattice calculations.
In this whitepaper, I briefly review the Benchmark Planes in the Two-Real-Singlet Model (TRSM), a model that enhances the Standard Model (SM) scalar sector by two real singlets that obey a $\mathbb{Z}_2\,\otimes\,\mathbb{Z}_2'$ symmetry. In this model, all fields acquire a vacuum expectation value, such that the model contains in total 3 CP-even neutral scalars that can interact with each other. All interactions with SM-like particles are inherited from the SM-like doublet via mixing. I remind the readers of the previously proposed benchmark planes, and briefly discuss possible production at f…
We examine the discovery reach of LHC14 for supersymmetry for integrated luminosity ranging from 0.3 to 3 ab^{-1}. In models with gaugino mass unification and M_1,\ M_2<< |μ| (as for mSUGRA/CMSSM), we find a reach of LHC14 with 3 ab^{-1} for gluino pair production extends to m_{\tg} 2.3 TeV while the reach via \tw_1\tz_2 \to W h +ETmiss extends to m_{\tg}\sim 2.6 TeV.
Mapping UV theories onto low energy effective descriptions is a procedure known as matching. The last decade has seen tremendous progress in the development of new tools for efficiently performing matching calculations, by relying on so-called functional methods. This white paper summarizes the status of functional matching. Specifically, matching for relativistic theories is a fully solved problem up to one-loop order in perturbation theory, and to arbitrary order in the effective field theory expansion. A streamlined prescription that has been partially automated facilitates the application …
We consider the results from the first run of LHC studied in the context of simplified models and re-interpret them for a particular SO(10) model with a non-simplified topology. Hadronic searches have been designed to obtain the best sensitivity for the simplified models. They require multiple b-jets in the final state. But we show that the bounds obtained from these searches are weaker in the case of the particular model studied here, since there are fewer b-jets.
The Standard Model of Particle Physics cannot explain the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe. This observation is a clear sign of new physics beyond the Standard Model. There have been many recent theoretical developments to address this question. Critically, many new physics models that generate the baryon asymmetry have a wide range of repercussions for many areas of theoretical and experimental particle physics. This white paper provides an overview of such recent theoretical developments with an emphasis on experimental testability.
We discuss ways to probe t-b-tau Yukawa coupling unification condition at the Energy and Intensity frontiers. We consider non-universal soft supersymmetry breaking mass terms for gauginos related by the SO(10) grand unified theory (GUT). We have previously shown that t-b-tau Yukawa coupling unification prefers a mass of around 125 GeV for the Standard Model-like Higgs boson with all colored sparticle masses above 3 TeV. The well-known MSSM parameter tan(beta) is about 47-48 and neutralino-stau coannihilation yields the desired relic dark matter density.
The Higgs boson trilinear and quartic self-couplings are directly related to the shape of the Higgs potential; measuring them with precision is extremely important, as they provide invaluable information on the electroweak symmetry breaking and the electroweak phase transition. In this paper, we perform a detailed analysis of double Higgs boson production, through the gluon gluon fusion process, in the most promising decay channels di-bottom-quark di-photons, di-bottom-quark di-tau, and four-bottom-quark for several future colliders: the HL-LHC at 14 TeV and the FCC-hh at 100 TeV, assuming res…
Neutrino interaction uncertainties are a limiting factor in current and next-generation experiments probing the fundamental physics of neutrinos, a unique window on physics beyond the Standard Model. Neutrino-nucleon scattering amplitudes are an important part of the neutrino interaction program. However, since all modern neutrino detectors are composed primarily of heavy nuclei, knowledge of elementary neutrino-nucleon amplitudes relies heavily on experiments performed in the 1970s and 1980s, whose statistical and systematic precision are insufficient for current needs. In this white paper, w…
The weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) have been the most popular particle dark matter (DM) candidate for the last several decades, and it is well known that WIMP can be probed via the direct, indirect and collider experiments. However, the direct and indirect signals are highly suppressed in some scalar-mediated DM models, e.g. the lepton portal model with a Majorana DM candidate. As a result, collider searches are considered as the only hope to probe such models. In this white paper, we propose that the gravitational wave (GW) astronomy also serves as a powerful tool to probe such …
While the warped extra-dimensional models provide an attractive solution to both the gauge and the flavor hierarchy problems, the mass scale of new particles predicted by the minimal models would be beyond the reach of the LHC. Models of extended warped extra dimensions have been proposed to evade these issues and their collider implications have been investigated for the last decade. This white paper summarizes the recent developments in the context of collider phenomenology. The strategies and lessons are broad, and provide a template to extend the experimental program, to cover a wider clas…
This invited Snowmass 2021 White Paper highlights the power of joint-analysis of astronomical transients in advancing HEP Science and presents research activities that can realize the opportunities that come with current and upcoming projects. Transients of interest include gravitational wave events, neutrino events, strongly-lensed quasars and supernovae, and Type~Ia supernovae specifically. These transients can serve as probes of cosmological distances in the Universe and as cosmic laboratories of extreme strong-gravity, high-energy physics. Joint analysis refers to work that requires signif…
Symmetry plays a central role in quantum field theory. Recent developments include symmetries that act on defects and other subsystems, and symmetries that are categorical rather than group-like. These generalized notions of symmetry allow for new kinds of anomalies that constrain dynamics. We review some transformative instances of these novel aspects of symmetry in quantum field theory, and give a broad-brush overview of recent applications.
The absence of clear signals from particle dark matter in direct detection experiments motivates new approaches in disparate regions of viable parameter space. In this Snowmass white paper, we outline the Windchime project, a program to build a large array of quantum-enhanced mechanical sensors. The ultimate aim is to build a detector capable of searching for Planck mass-scale dark matter purely through its gravitational coupling to ordinary matter. In the shorter term, we aim to search for a number of other physics targets, especially some ultralight dark matter candidates. Here, we discuss t…
Lattice quantum chromodynamics has proven to be an indispensable method to determine nonperturbative strong contributions to weak decay processes. In this white paper for the Snowmass community planning process we highlight achievements and future avenues of research for lattice calculations of weak $b$ and $c$ quark decays, and point out how these calculations will help to address the anomalies currently in the spotlight of the particle physics community. With future increases in computational resources and algorithmic improvements, percent level (and below) lattice determinations will play a…
The dilepton final states, e+e- and mu+mu-, are the most clear channels for new heavy neutral resonances search. Their advantage is that the main irreducible background from the Standard Model Drell-Yan process contributes usually two orders of magnitude lower than the expected signal under the peak region. In this paper we are focused on the search of the excited neutral bosons Z*. At present only the ATLAS Collaboration is looking for such excitations at LHC. We compare our evaluations with the official collaboration results at 7 TeV, and present our estimations at higher centre-of-mass ener…
We consider an extension of the scalar sector of the Standard Model (SM) by an additional gauge singlet, which mixes with a part of the SM-like Higgs doublet. Within this model, parameter-space regions exist that can lead to a strong first-order electro-weak phase transition, a necessary condition for electro-weak baryogenesis. We discuss how such regions of the parameter space can be tested using the SM-like Higgs boson's signal strength measurements, as well as precision observables, such as e.g. the W-boson mass, at current and future colliders.
The discovery of a Higgs boson at the LHC begins the era of directly measuring the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB). Searching for extensions of the Standard Model (SM) EWSB sector at the LHC is of vital importance. An important extension of the SM with an extended EWSB sector is the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). In this white paper, we extend current ATLAS and CMS bounds on direct searches for the heavy MSSM neutral Higgs bosons to 300 fb^-1 and 3000 fb^-1 of data at the LHC. In particular we focus on the τ^+τ^- channel and the pseudoscalar decay to light Higg…
In this Snowmass 2013 white paper, we review the effective field theory approach for studies of non-standard electroweak interactions in electroweak vector boson pair and triple production and vector boson scattering. We present an overview of the implementation of dimension six and eight operators in MadGraph5, VBFNLO, and WHIZARD, and provide relations between the coefficients of these higher dimensions operators used in these programs and in the anomalous couplings approach. We perform a tuned comparison of predictions for multi-boson processes including non-standard electroweak interaction…
Quantum gravity places important consistency conditions on low-energy effective field theory, such as the absence of global symmetries. These may have important consequences in the search for particle physics beyond the Standard Model. We review some of these conditions and their phenomenological implications for the strong CP problem, the weak scale, new gauge interactions, and cosmology. We also offer some general comments on how these ideas can guide model building.
Progress in the quantum readout and control of mechanical devices from single atoms to large masses may enable a first generation of experiments probing the gravitational interaction in the quantum regime, conceivably within the next decade. In this Snowmass whitepaper, we briefly outline the possibilities and challenges facing the realization of these experiments. In particular, we emphasize the need for detailed theories of modifications to the usual effective QFT of gravitons in the infrared regime $E/L^3 \ll m_{\rm Pl}/\ell_{\rm Pl}^3$ in which these experiments operate, and relations to p…
We maintain that the search for the electroweak monopole is a key issue in the advancement of our understanding of the standard model. Unlike the Dirac monopole in electrodynamics, which is optional, the electroweak monopole should exist within the framework of the standard model. The mass of the electroweak monopole is estimated to be 5 to 7 TeV, but could be as large as 15 TeV. Above threshold its production rate at the LHC is expected to be relatively large, (1/alpha(em)2) times bigger than that of W+W- pairs. The search for the electroweak monopole is one of the prime motivations of the ne…
