Achieving highly accurate dynamic or simulator models that are close to the real robot can facilitate model-based controls (e.g., model predictive control or linear-quadradic regulators), model-based trajectory planning (e.g., trajectory optimization), and decrease the amount of learning time necessary for reinforcement learning methods. Thus, the objective of this work is to learn the residual errors between a dynamic and/or simulator model and the real robot. This is achieved using a neural network, where the parameters of a neural network are updated through an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) formulation. Using this method, we model these residual errors with only small amounts of data -- a necessity as we improve the simulator/dynamic model by learning directly from real-world operation. We demonstrate our method on robotic hardware (e.g., manipulator arm, and a wheeled robot), and show that with the learned residual errors, we can further close the reality gap between dynamic models, simulations, and actual hardware.
Fixed-Time Dynamic Landing of Quadrotors using Adaptive Unscented Kalman Filtering and Nonlinear Model Predictive Control
Autonomous Vehicles Laboratory, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University(自主车辆实验室,航空航天工程系,多伦多 Metropolitan 大学);University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies, University of Toronto(多伦多大学航空航天研究 institute,多伦多大学)
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University(弗吉尼亚理工学院暨州立大学)
In this work, we present an aided inertial navigation system for an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) using an unscented Kalman filter on manifolds (UKF-M). The inertial navigation estimate is aided by a Doppler velocity log (DVL), depth sensor, acoustic range and, while on the surface, GPS. The sensor model for each navigation sensor on the AUV is explicitly described, including compensation for lever arm offsets between the IMU and each sensor. Additionally, an outlier rejection step is proposed to reject measurement outliers that would degrade navigation performance. The UKF-M for AUV nav…
Existing game-theoretic planning methods assume that the robot knows the objective functions of the other agents a priori while, in practical scenarios, this is rarely the case. This paper introduces LUCIDGames, an inverse optimal control algorithm that is able to estimate the other agents' objective functions in real time, and incorporate those estimates online into a receding-horizon game-theoretic planner. LUCIDGames solves the inverse optimal control problem by recasting it in a recursive parameter-estimation framework. LUCIDGames uses an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) to iteratively update…
Delft University of Technology(代尔夫特理工大学);University of Eindhoven(埃因霍温大学)
This paper presents a novel methodology to auto-tune an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF). It involves using a Two-Stage Bayesian Optimisation (TSBO), based on a t-Student Process to optimise the process noise parameters of a UKF for vehicle sideslip angle estimation. Our method minimises performance metrics, given by the average sum of the states' and measurement' estimation error for various vehicle manoeuvres covering a wide range of vehicle behaviour. The predefined cost function is minimised through a TSBO which aims to find a location in the feasible region that maximises the probability of …
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(韩国科学技术院)
This paper proposes a simple, accurate and computationally efficient method to apply the ordinary unscented Kalman filter developed in Euclidean space to systems whose dynamics evolve on manifolds.We use the mathematical theory called stable embedding to make a variant of unscented Kalman filter that keeps state estimates in closeproximity to the manifold while exhibiting excellent estimation performance. We confirm the performance of our devised filter by applying it to the satellite system model and comparing the performance with other unscented Kalman filters devised specifically for system…
This paper describes a novel tracking filter, designed primarily for use in collision avoidance systems on autonomous surface vehicles (ASVs). The proposed methodology leverages real-time kinematic information broadcast via the Automatic Information System (AIS) messaging protocol, in order to estimate the position, speed, and heading of nearby cooperative targets. The state of each target is recursively estimated in geodetic coordinates using an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) with kinematic equations derived from the spherical law of cosines. This improves upon previous approaches, many of whi…
Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)(挪威科技大学(NTNU))
An unscented Kalman filter for matrix Lie groups is proposed where the time propagation of the state is formulated on the Lie algebra. This is done with the kinematic differential equation of the logarithm, where the inverse of the right Jacobian is used. The sigma points can then be expressed as logarithms in vector form, and time propagation of the sigma points and the computation of the mean and the covariance can be done on the Lie algebra. The resulting formulation is to a large extent based on logarithms in vector form, and is therefore closer to the UKF for systems in $\mathbb{R}^n$. Th…
MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University(巴黎高等矿业学院,巴黎文理研究大学);Safran Tech, Groupe Safran(赛峰科技,赛峰集团)
The present paper introduces a novel methodology for Unscented Kalman Filtering (UKF) on manifolds that extends previous work by the authors on UKF on Lie groups. Beyond filtering performance, the main interests of the approach are its versatility, as the method applies to numerous state estimation problems, and its simplicity of implementation for practitioners not being necessarily familiar with manifolds and Lie groups. We have developed the method on two independent open-source Python and Matlab frameworks we call UKF-M, for quickly implementing and testing the approach. The online reposit…
Unscented Orientation Estimation Based on the Bingham Distribution
Intelligent Sensor-Actuator-Systems Laboratory (ISAS) Institute for Anthropomatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany(智能传感器-执行器系统实验室(ISAS) 人机学研究所 卡尔斯鲁厄大学(KIT) 德国);Computer Graphics Group Department of Computer Science University College London (UCL), United Kingdom(计算机图形学组 计算机科学系 伦敦大学学院(UCL) 英国)
A Hybrid Neural-Assisted Unscented Kalman Filter for Unmanned Ground Vehicle Navigation
Autonomous Navigation and Sensor Fusion Lab(自主导航与传感器融合实验室);Hatter Department of Marine Technologies(海洋技术系);Charney School of Marine Sciences(海洋科学学院);University of Haifa(海法大学)
Unified Orbit-Attitude Estimation and Sensor Tasking Framework for Autonomous Cislunar Space Domain Awareness Using Multiplicative Unscented Kalman Filter
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering(机械与航空航天工程系);Missouri University of Science and Technology(密苏里科技大学);Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University(艾姆伯-理德航空大学)
Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications(重庆邮电大学);Swansea University(斯旺西大学);Southwest University(西南大学)
Industrial robots play a vital role in automatic production, which have been widely utilized in industrial production activities, like handling and welding. However, due to an uncalibrated robot with machining tolerance and assembly tolerance, it suffers from low absolute positioning accuracy, which cannot satisfy the requirements of high-precision manufacture. To address this hot issue, we propose a novel calibration method based on an unscented Kalman filter and variable step-size Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. This work has three ideas: a) proposing a novel variable step-size Levenberg-Marq…
TIER IV, Inc.(TIER IV公司);Massachusetts Institute of Technology(麻省理工学院);NASA Jet Propulsion Lab, California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院NASA喷气推进实验室);University of Michigan(密歇根大学);The University of Tokyo(东京大学)
This paper develops a new nonlinear filter, called Moment-based Kalman Filter (MKF), using the exact moment propagation method. Existing state estimation methods use linearization techniques or sampling points to compute approximate values of moments. However, moment propagation of probability distributions of random variables through nonlinear process and measurement models play a key role in the development of state estimation and directly affects their performance. The proposed moment propagation procedure can compute exact moments for non-Gaussian as well as non-independent Gaussian random…
Indoor Position and Attitude Tracking with SO(3) Manifold
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals(法赫德石油与矿产大学);King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(阿卜杜拉国王科技大学);aramco research center(阿美石油公司研究中心)
Intraoperative tracking of surgical instruments is an inevitable task of computer-assisted surgery. An optical tracking system often fails to precisely reconstruct the dynamic location and pose of a surgical tool due to the acquisition noise and measurement variance. Embedding a Kalman Filter (KF) or any of its extensions such as extended and unscented Kalman filters with the optical tracker resolves this issue by reducing the estimation variance and regularizing the temporal behavior. However, the current rigid-body KF implementations are computationally burdensome and hence, takes long execu…
Attitude estimation for small, low-cost unmanned aerial vehicles is often achieved using a relatively simple complementary filter that combines onboard accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometer sensing. This paper explores the limits of performance of such attitude estimation, with a focus on performance in highly dynamic maneuvers. The complementary filter is derived along with the extended Kalman filter and unscented Kalman filter to evaluate the potential performance gains when using a more sophisticated estimator. Simulations are presented that compare performance across a range of test…
Minnesota Robotics Institute(明尼苏达机器人研究所);University of Minnesota–Twin Cities(明尼苏达大学双城分校)
This paper presents an evaluation of a number of probabilistic algorithms for localization of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) using bathymetry data. The algorithms, based on the principles of the Bayes filter, work by fusing bathymetry information with depth and altitude data from an AUV. Four different Bayes filter-based algorithms are used to design the localization algorithms: the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), Particle Filter (PF), and Marginalized Particle Filter (MPF). We evaluate the performance of these four Bayesian bathymetry-based AUV localization…
The fusion of camera sensor and inertial data is a leading method for ego-motion tracking in autonomous and smart devices. State estimation techniques that rely on non-linear filtering are a strong paradigm for solving the associated information fusion task. The de facto inference method in this space is the celebrated extended Kalman filter (EKF), which relies on first-order linearizations of both the dynamical and measurement model. This paper takes a critical look at the practical implications and limitations posed by the EKF, especially under faulty visual feature associations and the pres…
Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems(马克斯·普朗克智能系统研究所);University of Southern California(南加州大学)
The Gaussian Filter (GF) is one of the most widely used filtering algorithms; instances are the Extended Kalman Filter, the Unscented Kalman Filter and the Divided Difference Filter. GFs represent the belief of the current state by a Gaussian with the mean being an affine function of the measurement. We show that this representation can be too restrictive to accurately capture the dependences in systems with nonlinear observation models, and we investigate how the GF can be generalized to alleviate this problem. To this end, we view the GF from a variational-inference perspective. We analyse h…
Max-Planck-Institute for Intelligent Systems(马克斯·普朗克智能系统研究所);Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院);University of Southern California(南加利福尼亚大学)
Parametric filters, such as the Extended Kalman Filter and the Unscented Kalman Filter, typically scale well with the dimensionality of the problem, but they are known to fail if the posterior state distribution cannot be closely approximated by a density of the assumed parametric form. For nonparametric filters, such as the Particle Filter, the converse holds. Such methods are able to approximate any posterior, but the computational requirements scale exponentially with the number of dimensions of the state space. In this paper, we present the Coordinate Particle Filter which alleviates this …