泰山反中微子天文台的环境中子测量
Ambient Neutron Measurement at Taishan Antineutrino Observatory
摘要：
台山反中微子观测站（TAO）是一个吨级液体闪烁体探测器，位于距台山核电站堆芯30 m处，用于精确测量反应堆反中微子能谱。TAO物理学的一个重要背景是周围中子的相互作用，这些中子可以穿透它的外屏蔽层。用Bonner球谱仪测量了中子注量率和能谱。使用迭代最大似然期望最大化（MLEM）方法展开数据。基于Geant 4的仿真被执行以提供初始输入频谱到展开并且理解展开结果。总的中子注量率测量为36.1 $\pm$ 4.7 $Hz/m^2$，这是高于预期。对于动能小于20，MeV的中子，模拟结果能很好地再现测量的注量率和能谱。而在大于20 μ MeV的区域，观测到了明显的差异，这一差异有待于进一步的研究。
英文摘要：
The Taishan Antineutrino Observatory (TAO) is a ton-level liquid scintillator detector to be placed at 30\,m from a core of the Taishan Nuclear Power Plant for precise reactor antineutrino spectrum measurements. One important background for TAO physics are the interactions of ambient neutrons that can penetrate its outer shieldings. The neutrons fluence and energy spectrum are measured with a Bonner sphere spectrometer. Data is unfolded with the iterative Maximum-Likelihood Expectation-Maximization (MLEM) method. A simulation based on Geant4 is performed to provide the initial input spectrum to the unfolding and to understand the unfolded result. The total neutron fluence rate is measured to be 36.1 $\pm$ 4.7 $Hz/m^2$, which is higher than the expectation. For neutrons with kinetic energy lower than 20\,MeV, the measured fluence rate and energy spectrum can be well reproduced by simulation. While for the region greater than 20\,MeV, a significant discrepancy is observed and shall be understood with further studies.
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