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arXiv 2209.01110gr-qc
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通过引力波区分极端质量比旋进中的致密天体

Distinguishing compact objects in extreme-mass-ratio inspirals by gravitational waves

Lu-Jia Xu, Shu-Cheng Yang, Wen-Biao Han, Xing-Yu Zhong, Run-Dong Tang, Yuan-Hao Zhang

AI总结:

本研究通过模拟包含自旋和质量四极矩的极端质量比旋进引力波信号,利用Fisher信息矩阵和贝叶斯因子分析,证明可区分原初黑洞、白矮星及特定条件下的中子星。

摘要:

极端质量比旋进(EMRIs)是空间引力波探测器有前景的引力波(GW)源。EMRI信号通常持续时间较长,从数月到数年不等,因此需要高度精确的引力波信号模板来进行探测。在大多数波形模型中,EMRI中的致密天体被视为测试粒子,不考虑其自旋、质量四极矩或潮汐形变。在本研究中,我们通过纳入致密天体的自旋和质量四极矩来模拟来自EMRI的引力波信号。我们使用Fisher信息矩阵(FIM)评估这些模拟波形的参数估计精度,发现自旋、潮汐诱导四极矩和自旋诱导四极矩都可以以$10^{-2}$到$10^{-1}$的精度被测量,特别是对于质量比约为$10^{-4}$的情况。假设“真实”引力波信号来源于一个延展天体旋进到超大质量黑洞中,我们计算了测试粒子波形模板与包含致密天体自旋和四极矩的模型之间的信噪比(SNR)和贝叶斯因子。我们的结果表明,致密天体的自旋可以在所有天体类型中产生可探测的波形偏差,而潮汐诱导四极矩仅对白矮星显著,尤其是在接近中等质量比的情况下。然而,自旋诱导四极矩对波形的影响可忽略不计。因此,我们的发现表明,区分原初黑洞和白矮星是可能的,并且在某些条件下,中子星也可以与原初黑洞区分开来。

英文摘要:

Extreme-mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) are promising gravitational-wave (GW) sources for space-based GW detectors. EMRI signals typically have long durations, ranging from several months to several years, necessitating highly accurate GW signal templates for detection. In most waveform models, compact objects in EMRIs are treated as test particles without accounting for their spin, mass quadrupole, or tidal deformation. In this study, we simulate GW signals from EMRIs by incorporating the spin and mass quadrupole moments of the compact objects. We evaluate the accuracy of parameter estimation for these simulated waveforms using the Fisher Information Matrix (FIM) and find that the spin, tidal-induced quadruple, and spin-induced quadruple can all be measured with precision ranging from $10^{-2}$ to $10^{-1}$, particularly for a mass ratio of $\sim$$10^{-4}$. Assuming the ``true'' GW signals originate from an extended body inspiraling into a supermassive black hole, we compute the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and Bayes factors between a test-particle waveform template and our model, which includes the spin and quadrupole of the compact object. Our results show that the spin of compact objects can produce detectable deviations in the waveforms across all object types, while tidal-induced quadrupoles are only significant for white dwarfs, especially in cases approaching an intermediate-mass ratio. Spin-induced quadrupoles, however, have negligible effects on the waveforms. Therefore, our findings suggest that it is possible to distinguish primordial black holes from white dwarfs, and, under certain conditions, neutron stars can also be differentiated from primordial black holes.

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