最小化地面效应的光致悬浮天线
Minimizing the Ground Effect for Photophoretically Levitating Disks
摘要：
光泳悬浮是一种推进机制，其中轻质物体可以通过与光的相互作用被提升和控制。由于宏观物体上的电泳力通常在低压下最大化，因此可以在真空室中靠近室底和室壁进行测试。我们在这里报告的实验证据表明，地形下悬浮的微型飞行器，包括室地板或发射台，微型飞行器升空，可以大大增加的电泳升力相对于他们的自由空间（半空中）的值。为了在真空室测试期间表征这种所谓的“地面效应”，我们引入了一种新的微型发射台，该发射台由三根J形（糖果手杖状）电线组成，最大限度地减少了微飞行器与底层表面的无关相互作用。我们将我们的新发射台与以前使用的金属丝网发射台进行了比较，这些金属丝网发射台用于直径为2、4和8厘米的简单悬浮聚酯薄膜圆盘。重要的是，金属丝网发射台将电泳升力提高了六倍。一个显着的地面效应也与真空室的底部，特别是当到底面的距离小于悬浮盘的直径。我们提供的指导方针，以尽量减少地面效应的真空室实验，这是必要的测试用于高海拔探索和监视地球或火星上的电泳微型飞行器。
英文摘要：
Photophoretic levitation is a propulsion mechanism in which lightweight objects can be lifted and controlled through their interactions with light. Since photophoretic forces on macroscopic objects are usually maximized at low pressures, they may be tested in vacuum chambers in close proximity to the chamber floor and walls. We report here experimental evidence that the terrain under levitating microflyers, including the chamber floor or the launchpad from which microflyers lift off, can greatly increase the photophoretic lift forces relative to their free-space (mid-air) values. To characterize this so-called "ground effect" during vacuum chamber tests, we introduced a new miniature launchpad composed of three J-shaped (candy-cane-like) wires that minimized a microflyer's extraneous interactions with underlying surfaces. We compared our new launchpads to previously used wire-mesh launchpads for simple levitating mylar-based disks with diameters of 2, 4, and 8 cm. Importantly, wire-mesh launchpads increased the photophoretic lift force by up to sixfold. A significant ground effect was also associated with the bottom of the vacuum chamber, particularly when the distance to the bottom surface was less than the diameter of the levitating disk. We provide guidelines to minimize the ground effect in vacuum chamber experiments, which are necessary to test photophoretic microflyers intended for high-altitude exploration and surveillance on Earth or on Mars.
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