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arXiv 2209.00263cs.CR
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基于语言模型迁移学习的攻击策略识别

Attack Tactic Identification by Transfer Learning of Language Model

Ling-Hsuan Lin, Shun-Wen Hsiao

摘要:

随着安全攻击和数据泄露的迅速增加,网络安全已成为全球关注的主要问题。人工智能有望帮助人类分析和识别攻击。然而,为监督学习标记数百万个数据包从来都不容易。本研究旨在利用迁移学习技术,存储从定义明确的攻击生命周期文档中获得的知识,并将其应用于数十万个未标记的攻击(数据包),以识别其攻击策略。我们预期攻击的知识在文档中得到很好的描述,并且基于转换器的语言模型可以将知识嵌入到高维潜在空间中。然后,重用来自语言模型的信息用于学习包中携带的攻击策略,以提高学习效率。我们提出了一个系统,PELAT,微调BERT模型与1,417文章从MITRE ATT&CK生命周期框架,以提高其攻击知识(包括语法使用和语义含义嵌入)。然后PELAT转移其知识,对未标记的数据包进行半监督学习,以生成其策略标签。此外,当新的攻击数据包到达时,数据包有效载荷将由PELAT语言模型与下游分类器一起处理以预测其策略。通过这种方式,我们可以有效地减少手动标记大数据集的负担。在一个为期一周的蜜罐攻击数据集(每天22.7万个数据包)上,PELAT在测试数据集上的准确率、召回率和F1都达到了99%。PELAT可以在另外两个测试数据集上推断出超过99%的战术(同时识别出近90%的战术)。

英文摘要:

Cybersecurity has become a primary global concern with the rapid increase in security attacks and data breaches. Artificial intelligence is promising to help humans analyzing and identifying attacks. However, labeling millions of packets for supervised learning is never easy. This study aims to leverage transfer learning technique that stores the knowledge gained from well-defined attack lifecycle documents and applies it to hundred thousands of unlabeled attacks (packets) for identifying their attack tactics. We anticipate the knowledge of an attack is well-described in the documents, and the cutting edge transformer-based language model can embed the knowledge into a high-dimensional latent space. Then, reusing the information from the language model for the learning of attack tactic carried by packets to improve the learning efficiency. We propose a system, PELAT, that fine-tunes BERT model with 1,417 articles from MITRE ATT&CK lifecycle framework to enhance its attack knowledge (including syntax used and semantic meanings embedded). PELAT then transfers its knowledge to perform semi-supervised learning for unlabeled packets to generate their tactic labels. Further, when a new attack packet arrives, the packet payload will be processed by the PELAT language model with a downstream classifier to predict its tactics. In this way, we can effectively reduce the burden of manually labeling big datasets. In a one-week honeypot attack dataset (227 thousand packets per day), PELAT performs 99% of precision, recall, and F1 on testing dataset. PELAT can infer over 99% of tactics on two other testing datasets (while nearly 90% of tactics are identified).

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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