We construct a bijection between the state of the box-ball system with box capacity L and a pair of two sequences. In time evolution, one of the sequences moves at speed 1, and the other follows the rules of the box-ball system with box capacity one, which can be linearized by the Kerov-Kirillov-Reshetikhin(KKR) bijection. Our method can be applied to a state including a negative value or a value greater than the box capacity.
Kuniba, Okado, Takagi and Yamada have found that the time-evolution of the Takahashi-Satsuma box-ball system can be linearized by considering rigged configurations associated with states of the box-ball system. We introduce a simple way to understand the rigged configuration of $\mathfrak{sl}_2$-type, and give an elementary proof of the linearization property. Our approach can be applied to a box-ball system with finite carrier, which is related to a discrete modified KdV equation, and also to the combinatorial $R$-matrix of $A_1^{(1)}$-type. We also discuss combinatorial statistics and relate…
A connection between the finite ultradiscrete Toda lattice and the box-ball system is extended to the case where each box has own capacity and a carrier has a capacity parameter depending on time. In order to consider this connection, new carrier rules "size limit for solitons" and "recovery of balls", and a concept "expansion map" are introduced. A particular solution to the extended system of a special case is also presented.
A cellular automaton that is a generalization of the box-ball system with either many kinds of balls or finite carrier capacity is proposed and studied through two discrete integrable systems: nonautonomous discrete KP lattice and nonautonomous discrete two-dimensional Toda lattice. Applying reduction technique and ultradiscretization procedure to these discrete systems, we derive two types of time evolution equations of the proposed cellular automaton, and particular solutions to the ultradiscrete equations.
A nonautonomous version of the ultradiscrete hungry Toda lattice with a finite lattice boundary condition is derived by applying reduction and ultradiscretization to a nonautonomous two-dimensional discrete Toda lattice. It is shown that the derived ultradiscrete system has a direct connection to the box-ball system with many kinds of balls and finite carrier capacity. Particular solutions to the ultradiscrete system are constructed by using the theory of some sort of discrete biorthogonal polynomials.
Vertex models with quantum group symmetry give rise to integrable cellular automata at q=0. We study a prototype example known as the periodic box-ball system. The initial value problem is solved in terms of an ultradiscrete analogue of the Riemann theta function whose period matrix originates in the Bethe ansatz at q=0.
We reformulate the Kerov-Kirillov-Reshetikhin (KKR) map in the combinatorial Bethe ansatz from paths to rigged configurations by introducing local energy distribution in crystal base theory. Combined with an earlier result on the inverse map, it completes the crystal interpretation of the KKR bijection for U_q(\hat{sl}_2). As an application, we solve an integrable cellular automaton, a higher spin generalization of the periodic box-ball system, by an inverse scattering method and obtain the solution of the initial value problem in terms of the ultradiscrete Riemann theta function.
We formulate the inverse scattering method for a periodic box-ball system and solve the initial value problem. It is done by a synthesis of the combinatorial Bethe ansa"tze at q=1 and q=0, which provides the ultradiscrete analogue of quasi-periodic solutions in soliton equations, e.g., action-angle variables, Jacobi varieties, period matrices and so forth. As an application we establish explicit formulas counting the states characterized by conserved quantities and the generic and fundamental period under the commuting family of time evolutions.
The box-ball system is an integrable cellular automaton on one dimensional lattice. It arises from either quantum or classical integrable systems by the procedures called crystallization and ultradiscretization, respectively. The double origin of the integrability has endowed the box-ball system with a variety of aspects related to Yang-Baxter integrable models in statistical mechanics, crystal base theory in quantum groups, combinatorial Bethe ansatz, geometric crystals, classical theory of solitons, tau functions, inverse scattering method, action-angle variables and invariant tori in comple…
Box-ball system (BBS) is a prominent example of integrable cellular automata in one dimension connected to quantum groups, Bethe ansatz, ultradiscretization, tropical geometry and so forth. In this paper we study the generalized Gibbs ensemble of BBS soliton gas by thermodynamic Bethe ansatz and generalized hydrodynamics. The results include the solution to the speed equation for solitons, an intriguing connection of the effective speed with the period matrix of the tropical Riemann theta function, an explicit description of the density plateaux that emerge from domain wall initial conditions …
A soliton cellular automaton on a one dimensional semi-infinite lattice with a reflecting end is presented. It extends a box-ball system on an infinite lattice associated with the crystal base of U_q(sl_n). A commuting family of time evolutions are obtained by adapting the K matrices and the double row construction of transfer matrices in solvable lattice models to a crystal setting. Factorized scattering among the left and the right moving solitons and the boundary reflection rule are determined.
A class of periodic soliton cellular automata is introduced associated with crystals of non-exceptional quantum affine algebras. Based on the Bethe ansatz at q=0, we propose explicit formulas for the dynamical period and the size of certain orbits under the time evolution in A^{(1)}_n case.
We introduce a probability distribution on the set of states in a generalized box-ball system associated with Kirillov-Reshetikhin (KR) crystals of type $A^{(1)}_n$. Their conserved quantities induce $n$-tuple of random Young diagrams in the rigged configurations. We determine their limit shape as the system gets large by analyzing the Fermionic formula by thermodynamic Bethe ansatz. The result is expressed as a logarithmic derivative of a deformed character of the KR modules and agrees with the stationary local energy of the associated Markov process of carriers.
In this paper, we introduce the ghost-box-ball system, which is an extended version of the classical soliton cellular automaton. It is initially motivated as a mechanism for making precise a connection between the Schensted insertion (of the Robinson-Schensted-Knuth correspondence) and the dynamical process of the box-ball system. In addition to this motivation, we explore generalisations of classical notions of the box-ball system, including the solitonic phenomenon, the asymptotic sorting property, and the invariant shape construction. We analyse the ghost-box-ball system beyond its initial …
We introduce the complete box-ball system (cBBS), which is an integrable cellular automaton on 1D lattice associated with the quantum group $U_q(\widehat{sl}_n)$. Compared with the conventional $(n-1)$-color BBS, it enjoys a remarkable simplification that scattering of solitons is totally diagonal. We also submit the cBBS to randomized initial conditions and study its non-equilibrium behavior by thermodynamic Bethe ansatz and generalized hydrodynamics. Excellent agreement is demonstrated between theoretical predictions and numerical simulation on the density plateaux generated from domain wall…
We investigate correlation functions in a periodic box-ball system. For the second and the third nearest neighbor correlation functions, we give explicit formulae obtained by combinatorial methods. A recursion formula for a specific $N$-point functions is also presented.
We investigate correlation functions in a periodic box-ball system. For the two point functions of short distance, we give explicit formulae obtained by combinatorial methods. We give expressions for general N-point functions in terms of ultradiscrete theta functions.
We investigate a soliton cellular automaton (Box-Ball system) with periodic boundary conditions. Since the cellular automaton is a deterministic dynamical system that takes only a finite number of states, it will exhibit periodic motion. We determine its fundamental cycle for a given initial state.
We explore several aspects of the current fluctuations and correlations in the box-ball system (BBS), an integrable cellular automaton in one space dimension. The state we consider is an ensemble of microscopic configurations where the box occupancies are independent random variables (i.i.d. state), with a given mean ball density. We compute several quantities exactly in such homogeneous stationary state: the mean value and the variance of the number of balls $N_t$ crossing the origin during time $t$, and the scaled cumulants generating function associated to $N_t$. We also compute two spatial…
In this paper, we perform a detailed analysis of the phase shift phenomenon of the classical soliton cellular automaton known as the box-ball system, ultimately resulting in a statement and proof of a formula describing this phase shift. This phenomenon has been observed since the nineties, when the system was first introduced by Takahashi and Satsuma, but no explicit global description was made beyond its observation. By using the Gessel-Viennot-Lindström lemma and path-counting arguments, we present here a novel proof of the classical phase shift formula for the continuous-time Toda lattice,…
An L operator is presented related to an infinite dimensional limit of the fusion R matrices for U_q(A^{(1)}_{n-1}) and U_q(D^{(1)}_n). It is factorized into the local propagation operators which quantize the deterministic dynamics of particles and antiparticles in the soliton cellular automata known as the box-ball systems and their generalizations. Some properties of the dynamical amplitudes are also investigated.
We introduce ultradiscrete tau functions associated with rigged configurations for A^{(1)}_n. They satisfy an ultradiscrete version of the Hirota bilinear equation and play a role analogous to a corner transfer matrix for the box-ball system. As an application, we establish a piecewise linear formula for the Kerov-Kirillov-Reshetikhin bijection in the combinatorial Bethe ansatz. They also lead to general N-soliton solutions of the box-ball system.
The basic $κ$-color box-ball (BBS) system is an integrable cellular automaton on one dimensional lattice whose local states take $\{0,1,\cdots,κ\}$ with $0$ regarded as an empty box. The time evolution is defined by a combinatorial rule of quantum group theoretical origin, and the complete set of conserved quantities is given by a $κ$-tuple of Young diagrams. In the randomized BBS, a probability distribution on $\{0,1,\cdots,κ\}$ to independently fill the consecutive $n$ sites in the initial state induces a highly nontrivial probability measure on the $κ$-tuple of those invariant Young diagram…
Fermionic formulas in combinatorial Bethe ansatz consist of sums of products of q-binomial coefficients. There exist refinements without a sum that are known to yield partition functions of box-ball systems with a prescribed soliton content. In this paper, such a refined fermionic formula is extended to the periodic box-ball system and a q-analogue of the Bethe root counting formula for XXZ chain at $Δ=\infty$.
Inspired by G. Frieden's recent work on the geometric R-matrix for affine type A crystal associated with rectangular shaped Young tableaux, we propose a method to construct a novel family of discrete integrable systems which can be regarded as a geometric lifting of the generalized periodic box-ball systems. By converting the conventional usage of the matrices for defining the Lax representation of the discrete periodic Toda chain, together with a clever use of the Perron-Frobenious theorem, we give a definition of our systems. It is carried out on the space of real positive dependent variable…
